IPCOMP(4)

NAME
ipcomp - IP Payload Compression Protocol

DESCRIPTION
IPComp is enabled with the following sysctl(2) variable in /etc/sysctl.conf:

net.inet.ipcomp.enable

IPComp is a protocol used to reduce the size of IP datagrams. It can be used to enhance the communication performance between a pair of hosts/gateways, especially on slow links, by compressing the datagrams, provided the communicating entities have enough computational power.

This protocol is especially useful when encryption or authentication is applied to IP datagrams using the IPsec protocol (see ipsec(4) for more information about IPsec). Encrypting information is increasing its entropy to a point where compression to a lower layer becomes completely useless (e.g., the PPP Compression Control Protocol). IPcomp is applied at the network layer before other encryption operations are applied (except encryption protocols applied at a higher layer such as ssh(1) or ssl(8)).

Just like for the other IPsec protocols, IPComp needs some parameters for each connection, specifying how the compression should be done between the entities. The parameters are collected in a structure called an IPComp Association (IPCA). The parameters stored in an IPCA are the destination address and the Compression Parameter Index (CPI). An IPCA is the pendant of the SA (Security Association) for IPsec.

Currently, IPCA can be created using the ipsecctl(8) tool. Using ipsecctl(8) it is also possible to create IPComp flows and SA/IPCA bundles. Such a bundle is used to create a combination of IPsec and IPComp flows (thus enabling compression in an IPsec protocol).

The compression is done on the data following the IP header and an IPComp header is inserted between the compressed data and the IP header. In the case of IPv6, there are extension headers which cannot be compressed since they are modified by the router along the way to the destination. These extension headers are hop-by-hop, routing, and fragmentation.

When doing compression, it is possible that the uncompressed data is smaller in size than the compressed data. To avoid this behaviour, a non expansion policy is used in IPComp. If the data payload is smaller than a given threshold, it will not be compressed. No IPComp header will be inserted.

IPComp uses the same policy framework as IPsec. However unlike IPsec, only one policy is available for IPComp:

IPSEC_LEVEL_USE
    Use IPComp for sending packets but still accept packets which are not compressed.

DIAGNOSTICS
netstat(1) can be used to obtain some statistics about IPComp usage:

    $ netstat -s -p ipcomp

SEE ALSO
enc(4), inet(4), ip(4), ipsec(4), netintro(4), ipsecctl(8), sysctl(8)

HISTORY
The ipcomp protocol first appeared in OpenBSD 3.0.

AUTHORS
Support for the ipcomp protocol was written by Jean-Jacques Bernard-Gundol <jj@wabbitt.org>.