/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * htup.h
 *	  POSTGRES heap tuple definitions.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2009, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/access/htup.h,v 1.107 2009/06/11 14:49:08 momjian Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef HTUP_H
#define HTUP_H

#include "access/tupdesc.h"
#include "access/tupmacs.h"
#include "storage/itemptr.h"
#include "storage/relfilenode.h"

/*
 * MaxTupleAttributeNumber limits the number of (user) columns in a tuple.
 * The key limit on this value is that the size of the fixed overhead for
 * a tuple, plus the size of the null-values bitmap (at 1 bit per column),
 * plus MAXALIGN alignment, must fit into t_hoff which is uint8.  On most
 * machines the upper limit without making t_hoff wider would be a little
 * over 1700.  We use round numbers here and for MaxHeapAttributeNumber
 * so that alterations in HeapTupleHeaderData layout won't change the
 * supported max number of columns.
 */
#define MaxTupleAttributeNumber 1664	/* 8 * 208 */

/*
 * MaxHeapAttributeNumber limits the number of (user) columns in a table.
 * This should be somewhat less than MaxTupleAttributeNumber.  It must be
 * at least one less, else we will fail to do UPDATEs on a maximal-width
 * table (because UPDATE has to form working tuples that include CTID).
 * In practice we want some additional daylight so that we can gracefully
 * support operations that add hidden "resjunk" columns, for example
 * SELECT * FROM wide_table ORDER BY foo, bar, baz.
 * In any case, depending on column data types you will likely be running
 * into the disk-block-based limit on overall tuple size if you have more
 * than a thousand or so columns.  TOAST won't help.
 */
#define MaxHeapAttributeNumber	1600	/* 8 * 200 */

/*
 * Heap tuple header.  To avoid wasting space, the fields should be
 * laid out in such a way as to avoid structure padding.
 *
 * Datums of composite types (row types) share the same general structure
 * as on-disk tuples, so that the same routines can be used to build and
 * examine them.  However the requirements are slightly different: a Datum
 * does not need any transaction visibility information, and it does need
 * a length word and some embedded type information.  We can achieve this
 * by overlaying the xmin/cmin/xmax/cmax/xvac fields of a heap tuple
 * with the fields needed in the Datum case.  Typically, all tuples built
 * in-memory will be initialized with the Datum fields; but when a tuple is
 * about to be inserted in a table, the transaction fields will be filled,
 * overwriting the datum fields.
 *
 * The overall structure of a heap tuple looks like:
 *			fixed fields (HeapTupleHeaderData struct)
 *			nulls bitmap (if HEAP_HASNULL is set in t_infomask)
 *			alignment padding (as needed to make user data MAXALIGN'd)
 *			object ID (if HEAP_HASOID is set in t_infomask)
 *			user data fields
 *
 * We store five "virtual" fields Xmin, Cmin, Xmax, Cmax, and Xvac in three
 * physical fields.  Xmin and Xmax are always really stored, but Cmin, Cmax
 * and Xvac share a field.  This works because we know that Cmin and Cmax
 * are only interesting for the lifetime of the inserting and deleting
 * transaction respectively.  If a tuple is inserted and deleted in the same
 * transaction, we store a "combo" command id that can be mapped to the real
 * cmin and cmax, but only by use of local state within the originating
 * backend.  See combocid.c for more details.  Meanwhile, Xvac is only set
 * by VACUUM FULL, which does not have any command sub-structure and so does
 * not need either Cmin or Cmax.  (This requires that VACUUM FULL never try
 * to move a tuple whose Cmin or Cmax is still interesting, ie, an insert-
 * in-progress or delete-in-progress tuple.)
 *
 * A word about t_ctid: whenever a new tuple is stored on disk, its t_ctid
 * is initialized with its own TID (location).  If the tuple is ever updated,
 * its t_ctid is changed to point to the replacement version of the tuple.
 * Thus, a tuple is the latest version of its row iff XMAX is invalid or
 * t_ctid points to itself (in which case, if XMAX is valid, the tuple is
 * either locked or deleted).  One can follow the chain of t_ctid links
 * to find the newest version of the row.  Beware however that VACUUM might
 * erase the pointed-to (newer) tuple before erasing the pointing (older)
 * tuple.  Hence, when following a t_ctid link, it is necessary to check
 * to see if the referenced slot is empty or contains an unrelated tuple.
 * Check that the referenced tuple has XMIN equal to the referencing tuple's
 * XMAX to verify that it is actually the descendant version and not an
 * unrelated tuple stored into a slot recently freed by VACUUM.  If either
 * check fails, one may assume that there is no live descendant version.
 *
 * Following the fixed header fields, the nulls bitmap is stored (beginning
 * at t_bits).  The bitmap is *not* stored if t_infomask shows that there
 * are no nulls in the tuple.  If an OID field is present (as indicated by
 * t_infomask), then it is stored just before the user data, which begins at
 * the offset shown by t_hoff.  Note that t_hoff must be a multiple of
 * MAXALIGN.
 */

typedef struct HeapTupleFields
{
	TransactionId t_xmin;		/* inserting xact ID */
	TransactionId t_xmax;		/* deleting or locking xact ID */

	union
	{
		CommandId	t_cid;		/* inserting or deleting command ID, or both */
		TransactionId t_xvac;	/* VACUUM FULL xact ID */
	}			t_field3;
} HeapTupleFields;

typedef struct DatumTupleFields
{
	int32		datum_len_;		/* varlena header (do not touch directly!) */

	int32		datum_typmod;	/* -1, or identifier of a record type */

	Oid			datum_typeid;	/* composite type OID, or RECORDOID */

	/*
	 * Note: field ordering is chosen with thought that Oid might someday
	 * widen to 64 bits.
	 */
} DatumTupleFields;

typedef struct HeapTupleHeaderData
{
	union
	{
		HeapTupleFields t_heap;
		DatumTupleFields t_datum;
	}			t_choice;

	ItemPointerData t_ctid;		/* current TID of this or newer tuple */

	/* Fields below here must match MinimalTupleData! */

	uint16		t_infomask2;	/* number of attributes + various flags */

	uint16		t_infomask;		/* various flag bits, see below */

	uint8		t_hoff;			/* sizeof header incl. bitmap, padding */

	/* ^ - 23 bytes - ^ */

	bits8		t_bits[1];		/* bitmap of NULLs -- VARIABLE LENGTH */

	/* MORE DATA FOLLOWS AT END OF STRUCT */
} HeapTupleHeaderData;

typedef HeapTupleHeaderData *HeapTupleHeader;

/*
 * information stored in t_infomask:
 */
#define HEAP_HASNULL			0x0001	/* has null attribute(s) */
#define HEAP_HASVARWIDTH		0x0002	/* has variable-width attribute(s) */
#define HEAP_HASEXTERNAL		0x0004	/* has external stored attribute(s) */
#define HEAP_HASOID				0x0008	/* has an object-id field */
/* bit 0x0010 is available */
#define HEAP_COMBOCID			0x0020	/* t_cid is a combo cid */
#define HEAP_XMAX_EXCL_LOCK		0x0040	/* xmax is exclusive locker */
#define HEAP_XMAX_SHARED_LOCK	0x0080	/* xmax is shared locker */
/* if either LOCK bit is set, xmax hasn't deleted the tuple, only locked it */
#define HEAP_IS_LOCKED	(HEAP_XMAX_EXCL_LOCK | HEAP_XMAX_SHARED_LOCK)
#define HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED		0x0100	/* t_xmin committed */
#define HEAP_XMIN_INVALID		0x0200	/* t_xmin invalid/aborted */
#define HEAP_XMAX_COMMITTED		0x0400	/* t_xmax committed */
#define HEAP_XMAX_INVALID		0x0800	/* t_xmax invalid/aborted */
#define HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI		0x1000	/* t_xmax is a MultiXactId */
#define HEAP_UPDATED			0x2000	/* this is UPDATEd version of row */
#define HEAP_MOVED_OFF			0x4000	/* moved to another place by VACUUM
										 * FULL */
#define HEAP_MOVED_IN			0x8000	/* moved from another place by VACUUM
										 * FULL */
#define HEAP_MOVED (HEAP_MOVED_OFF | HEAP_MOVED_IN)

#define HEAP_XACT_MASK			0xFFE0	/* visibility-related bits */

/*
 * information stored in t_infomask2:
 */
#define HEAP_NATTS_MASK			0x07FF	/* 11 bits for number of attributes */
/* bits 0x3800 are available */
#define HEAP_HOT_UPDATED		0x4000	/* tuple was HOT-updated */
#define HEAP_ONLY_TUPLE			0x8000	/* this is heap-only tuple */

#define HEAP2_XACT_MASK			0xC000	/* visibility-related bits */

/*
 * HeapTupleHeader accessor macros
 *
 * Note: beware of multiple evaluations of "tup" argument.  But the Set
 * macros evaluate their other argument only once.
 */

#define HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(tup) \
( \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_heap.t_xmin \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderSetXmin(tup, xid) \
( \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_heap.t_xmin = (xid) \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderGetXmax(tup) \
( \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_heap.t_xmax \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderSetXmax(tup, xid) \
( \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_heap.t_xmax = (xid) \
)

/*
 * HeapTupleHeaderGetRawCommandId will give you what's in the header whether
 * it is useful or not.  Most code should use HeapTupleHeaderGetCmin or
 * HeapTupleHeaderGetCmax instead, but note that those Assert that you can
 * get a legitimate result, ie you are in the originating transaction!
 */
#define HeapTupleHeaderGetRawCommandId(tup) \
( \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_heap.t_field3.t_cid \
)

/* SetCmin is reasonably simple since we never need a combo CID */
#define HeapTupleHeaderSetCmin(tup, cid) \
do { \
	Assert(!((tup)->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED)); \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_heap.t_field3.t_cid = (cid); \
	(tup)->t_infomask &= ~HEAP_COMBOCID; \
} while (0)

/* SetCmax must be used after HeapTupleHeaderAdjustCmax; see combocid.c */
#define HeapTupleHeaderSetCmax(tup, cid, iscombo) \
do { \
	Assert(!((tup)->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED)); \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_heap.t_field3.t_cid = (cid); \
	if (iscombo) \
		(tup)->t_infomask |= HEAP_COMBOCID; \
	else \
		(tup)->t_infomask &= ~HEAP_COMBOCID; \
} while (0)

#define HeapTupleHeaderGetXvac(tup) \
( \
	((tup)->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED) ? \
		(tup)->t_choice.t_heap.t_field3.t_xvac \
	: \
		InvalidTransactionId \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderSetXvac(tup, xid) \
do { \
	Assert((tup)->t_infomask & HEAP_MOVED); \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_heap.t_field3.t_xvac = (xid); \
} while (0)

#define HeapTupleHeaderGetDatumLength(tup) \
	VARSIZE(tup)

#define HeapTupleHeaderSetDatumLength(tup, len) \
	SET_VARSIZE(tup, len)

#define HeapTupleHeaderGetTypeId(tup) \
( \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_datum.datum_typeid \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderSetTypeId(tup, typeid) \
( \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_datum.datum_typeid = (typeid) \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderGetTypMod(tup) \
( \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_datum.datum_typmod \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderSetTypMod(tup, typmod) \
( \
	(tup)->t_choice.t_datum.datum_typmod = (typmod) \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderGetOid(tup) \
( \
	((tup)->t_infomask & HEAP_HASOID) ? \
		*((Oid *) ((char *)(tup) + (tup)->t_hoff - sizeof(Oid))) \
	: \
		InvalidOid \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderSetOid(tup, oid) \
do { \
	Assert((tup)->t_infomask & HEAP_HASOID); \
	*((Oid *) ((char *)(tup) + (tup)->t_hoff - sizeof(Oid))) = (oid); \
} while (0)

/*
 * Note that we stop considering a tuple HOT-updated as soon as it is known
 * aborted or the would-be updating transaction is known aborted.  For best
 * efficiency, check tuple visibility before using this macro, so that the
 * INVALID bits will be as up to date as possible.
 */
#define HeapTupleHeaderIsHotUpdated(tup) \
( \
	((tup)->t_infomask2 & HEAP_HOT_UPDATED) != 0 && \
	((tup)->t_infomask & (HEAP_XMIN_INVALID | HEAP_XMAX_INVALID)) == 0 \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderSetHotUpdated(tup) \
( \
	(tup)->t_infomask2 |= HEAP_HOT_UPDATED \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderClearHotUpdated(tup) \
( \
	(tup)->t_infomask2 &= ~HEAP_HOT_UPDATED \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderIsHeapOnly(tup) \
( \
  (tup)->t_infomask2 & HEAP_ONLY_TUPLE \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderSetHeapOnly(tup) \
( \
  (tup)->t_infomask2 |= HEAP_ONLY_TUPLE \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderClearHeapOnly(tup) \
( \
  (tup)->t_infomask2 &= ~HEAP_ONLY_TUPLE \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderGetNatts(tup) \
	((tup)->t_infomask2 & HEAP_NATTS_MASK)

#define HeapTupleHeaderSetNatts(tup, natts) \
( \
	(tup)->t_infomask2 = ((tup)->t_infomask2 & ~HEAP_NATTS_MASK) | (natts) \
)

#define HeapTupleHeaderHasExternal(tup) \
		(((tup)->t_infomask & HEAP_HASEXTERNAL) != 0)


/*
 * BITMAPLEN(NATTS) -
 *		Computes size of null bitmap given number of data columns.
 */
#define BITMAPLEN(NATTS)	(((int)(NATTS) + 7) / 8)

/*
 * MaxHeapTupleSize is the maximum allowed size of a heap tuple, including
 * header and MAXALIGN alignment padding.  Basically it's BLCKSZ minus the
 * other stuff that has to be on a disk page.  Since heap pages use no
 * "special space", there's no deduction for that.
 *
 * NOTE: we allow for the ItemId that must point to the tuple, ensuring that
 * an otherwise-empty page can indeed hold a tuple of this size.  Because
 * ItemIds and tuples have different alignment requirements, don't assume that
 * you can, say, fit 2 tuples of size MaxHeapTupleSize/2 on the same page.
 */
#define MaxHeapTupleSize  (BLCKSZ - MAXALIGN(SizeOfPageHeaderData + sizeof(ItemIdData)))

/*
 * MaxHeapTuplesPerPage is an upper bound on the number of tuples that can
 * fit on one heap page.  (Note that indexes could have more, because they
 * use a smaller tuple header.)  We arrive at the divisor because each tuple
 * must be maxaligned, and it must have an associated item pointer.
 *
 * Note: with HOT, there could theoretically be more line pointers (not actual
 * tuples) than this on a heap page.  However we constrain the number of line
 * pointers to this anyway, to avoid excessive line-pointer bloat and not
 * require increases in the size of work arrays.
 */
#define MaxHeapTuplesPerPage	\
	((int) ((BLCKSZ - SizeOfPageHeaderData) / \
			(MAXALIGN(offsetof(HeapTupleHeaderData, t_bits)) + sizeof(ItemIdData))))

/*
 * MaxAttrSize is a somewhat arbitrary upper limit on the declared size of
 * data fields of char(n) and similar types.  It need not have anything
 * directly to do with the *actual* upper limit of varlena values, which
 * is currently 1Gb (see TOAST structures in postgres.h).  I've set it
 * at 10Mb which seems like a reasonable number --- tgl 8/6/00.
 */
#define MaxAttrSize		(10 * 1024 * 1024)


/*
 * MinimalTuple is an alternative representation that is used for transient
 * tuples inside the executor, in places where transaction status information
 * is not required, the tuple rowtype is known, and shaving off a few bytes
 * is worthwhile because we need to store many tuples.  The representation
 * is chosen so that tuple access routines can work with either full or
 * minimal tuples via a HeapTupleData pointer structure.  The access routines
 * see no difference, except that they must not access the transaction status
 * or t_ctid fields because those aren't there.
 *
 * For the most part, MinimalTuples should be accessed via TupleTableSlot
 * routines.  These routines will prevent access to the "system columns"
 * and thereby prevent accidental use of the nonexistent fields.
 *
 * MinimalTupleData contains a length word, some padding, and fields matching
 * HeapTupleHeaderData beginning with t_infomask2. The padding is chosen so
 * that offsetof(t_infomask2) is the same modulo MAXIMUM_ALIGNOF in both
 * structs.   This makes data alignment rules equivalent in both cases.
 *
 * When a minimal tuple is accessed via a HeapTupleData pointer, t_data is
 * set to point MINIMAL_TUPLE_OFFSET bytes before the actual start of the
 * minimal tuple --- that is, where a full tuple matching the minimal tuple's
 * data would start.  This trick is what makes the structs seem equivalent.
 *
 * Note that t_hoff is computed the same as in a full tuple, hence it includes
 * the MINIMAL_TUPLE_OFFSET distance.  t_len does not include that, however.
 *
 * MINIMAL_TUPLE_DATA_OFFSET is the offset to the first useful (non-pad) data
 * other than the length word.  tuplesort.c and tuplestore.c use this to avoid
 * writing the padding to disk.
 */
#define MINIMAL_TUPLE_OFFSET \
	((offsetof(HeapTupleHeaderData, t_infomask2) - sizeof(uint32)) / MAXIMUM_ALIGNOF * MAXIMUM_ALIGNOF)
#define MINIMAL_TUPLE_PADDING \
	((offsetof(HeapTupleHeaderData, t_infomask2) - sizeof(uint32)) % MAXIMUM_ALIGNOF)
#define MINIMAL_TUPLE_DATA_OFFSET \
	offsetof(MinimalTupleData, t_infomask2)

typedef struct MinimalTupleData
{
	uint32		t_len;			/* actual length of minimal tuple */

	char		mt_padding[MINIMAL_TUPLE_PADDING];

	/* Fields below here must match HeapTupleHeaderData! */

	uint16		t_infomask2;	/* number of attributes + various flags */

	uint16		t_infomask;		/* various flag bits, see below */

	uint8		t_hoff;			/* sizeof header incl. bitmap, padding */

	/* ^ - 23 bytes - ^ */

	bits8		t_bits[1];		/* bitmap of NULLs -- VARIABLE LENGTH */

	/* MORE DATA FOLLOWS AT END OF STRUCT */
} MinimalTupleData;

typedef MinimalTupleData *MinimalTuple;


/*
 * HeapTupleData is an in-memory data structure that points to a tuple.
 *
 * There are several ways in which this data structure is used:
 *
 * * Pointer to a tuple in a disk buffer: t_data points directly into the
 *	 buffer (which the code had better be holding a pin on, but this is not
 *	 reflected in HeapTupleData itself).
 *
 * * Pointer to nothing: t_data is NULL.  This is used as a failure indication
 *	 in some functions.
 *
 * * Part of a palloc'd tuple: the HeapTupleData itself and the tuple
 *	 form a single palloc'd chunk.  t_data points to the memory location
 *	 immediately following the HeapTupleData struct (at offset HEAPTUPLESIZE).
 *	 This is the output format of heap_form_tuple and related routines.
 *
 * * Separately allocated tuple: t_data points to a palloc'd chunk that
 *	 is not adjacent to the HeapTupleData.  (This case is deprecated since
 *	 it's difficult to tell apart from case #1.  It should be used only in
 *	 limited contexts where the code knows that case #1 will never apply.)
 *
 * * Separately allocated minimal tuple: t_data points MINIMAL_TUPLE_OFFSET
 *	 bytes before the start of a MinimalTuple.  As with the previous case,
 *	 this can't be told apart from case #1 by inspection; code setting up
 *	 or destroying this representation has to know what it's doing.
 *
 * t_len should always be valid, except in the pointer-to-nothing case.
 * t_self and t_tableOid should be valid if the HeapTupleData points to
 * a disk buffer, or if it represents a copy of a tuple on disk.  They
 * should be explicitly set invalid in manufactured tuples.
 */
typedef struct HeapTupleData
{
	uint32		t_len;			/* length of *t_data */
	ItemPointerData t_self;		/* SelfItemPointer */
	Oid			t_tableOid;		/* table the tuple came from */
	HeapTupleHeader t_data;		/* -> tuple header and data */
} HeapTupleData;

typedef HeapTupleData *HeapTuple;

#define HEAPTUPLESIZE	MAXALIGN(sizeof(HeapTupleData))

/*
 * GETSTRUCT - given a HeapTuple pointer, return address of the user data
 */
#define GETSTRUCT(TUP) ((char *) ((TUP)->t_data) + (TUP)->t_data->t_hoff)

/*
 * Accessor macros to be used with HeapTuple pointers.
 */
#define HeapTupleIsValid(tuple) PointerIsValid(tuple)

#define HeapTupleHasNulls(tuple) \
		(((tuple)->t_data->t_infomask & HEAP_HASNULL) != 0)

#define HeapTupleNoNulls(tuple) \
		(!((tuple)->t_data->t_infomask & HEAP_HASNULL))

#define HeapTupleHasVarWidth(tuple) \
		(((tuple)->t_data->t_infomask & HEAP_HASVARWIDTH) != 0)

#define HeapTupleAllFixed(tuple) \
		(!((tuple)->t_data->t_infomask & HEAP_HASVARWIDTH))

#define HeapTupleHasExternal(tuple) \
		(((tuple)->t_data->t_infomask & HEAP_HASEXTERNAL) != 0)

#define HeapTupleIsHotUpdated(tuple) \
		HeapTupleHeaderIsHotUpdated((tuple)->t_data)

#define HeapTupleSetHotUpdated(tuple) \
		HeapTupleHeaderSetHotUpdated((tuple)->t_data)

#define HeapTupleClearHotUpdated(tuple) \
		HeapTupleHeaderClearHotUpdated((tuple)->t_data)

#define HeapTupleIsHeapOnly(tuple) \
		HeapTupleHeaderIsHeapOnly((tuple)->t_data)

#define HeapTupleSetHeapOnly(tuple) \
		HeapTupleHeaderSetHeapOnly((tuple)->t_data)

#define HeapTupleClearHeapOnly(tuple) \
		HeapTupleHeaderClearHeapOnly((tuple)->t_data)

#define HeapTupleGetOid(tuple) \
		HeapTupleHeaderGetOid((tuple)->t_data)

#define HeapTupleSetOid(tuple, oid) \
		HeapTupleHeaderSetOid((tuple)->t_data, (oid))


/*
 * WAL record definitions for heapam.c's WAL operations
 *
 * XLOG allows to store some information in high 4 bits of log
 * record xl_info field.  We use 3 for opcode and one for init bit.
 */
#define XLOG_HEAP_INSERT		0x00
#define XLOG_HEAP_DELETE		0x10
#define XLOG_HEAP_UPDATE		0x20
#define XLOG_HEAP_MOVE			0x30
#define XLOG_HEAP_HOT_UPDATE	0x40
#define XLOG_HEAP_NEWPAGE		0x50
#define XLOG_HEAP_LOCK			0x60
#define XLOG_HEAP_INPLACE		0x70

#define XLOG_HEAP_OPMASK		0x70
/*
 * When we insert 1st item on new page in INSERT/UPDATE
 * we can (and we do) restore entire page in redo
 */
#define XLOG_HEAP_INIT_PAGE		0x80
/*
 * We ran out of opcodes, so heapam.c now has a second RmgrId.  These opcodes
 * are associated with RM_HEAP2_ID, but are not logically different from
 * the ones above associated with RM_HEAP_ID.  We apply XLOG_HEAP_OPMASK,
 * although currently XLOG_HEAP_INIT_PAGE is not used for any of these.
 */
#define XLOG_HEAP2_FREEZE		0x00
#define XLOG_HEAP2_CLEAN		0x10
#define XLOG_HEAP2_CLEAN_MOVE	0x20

/*
 * All what we need to find changed tuple
 *
 * NB: on most machines, sizeof(xl_heaptid) will include some trailing pad
 * bytes for alignment.  We don't want to store the pad space in the XLOG,
 * so use SizeOfHeapTid for space calculations.  Similar comments apply for
 * the other xl_FOO structs.
 */
typedef struct xl_heaptid
{
	RelFileNode node;
	ItemPointerData tid;		/* changed tuple id */
} xl_heaptid;

#define SizeOfHeapTid		(offsetof(xl_heaptid, tid) + SizeOfIptrData)

/* This is what we need to know about delete */
typedef struct xl_heap_delete
{
	xl_heaptid	target;			/* deleted tuple id */
	bool		all_visible_cleared;	/* PD_ALL_VISIBLE was cleared */
} xl_heap_delete;

#define SizeOfHeapDelete	(offsetof(xl_heap_delete, all_visible_cleared) + sizeof(bool))

/*
 * We don't store the whole fixed part (HeapTupleHeaderData) of an inserted
 * or updated tuple in WAL; we can save a few bytes by reconstructing the
 * fields that are available elsewhere in the WAL record, or perhaps just
 * plain needn't be reconstructed.  These are the fields we must store.
 * NOTE: t_hoff could be recomputed, but we may as well store it because
 * it will come for free due to alignment considerations.
 */
typedef struct xl_heap_header
{
	uint16		t_infomask2;
	uint16		t_infomask;
	uint8		t_hoff;
} xl_heap_header;

#define SizeOfHeapHeader	(offsetof(xl_heap_header, t_hoff) + sizeof(uint8))

/* This is what we need to know about insert */
typedef struct xl_heap_insert
{
	xl_heaptid	target;			/* inserted tuple id */
	bool		all_visible_cleared;	/* PD_ALL_VISIBLE was cleared */
	/* xl_heap_header & TUPLE DATA FOLLOWS AT END OF STRUCT */
} xl_heap_insert;

#define SizeOfHeapInsert	(offsetof(xl_heap_insert, all_visible_cleared) + sizeof(bool))

/* This is what we need to know about update|move|hot_update */
typedef struct xl_heap_update
{
	xl_heaptid	target;			/* deleted tuple id */
	ItemPointerData newtid;		/* new inserted tuple id */
	bool		all_visible_cleared;	/* PD_ALL_VISIBLE was cleared */
	bool		new_all_visible_cleared;		/* same for the page of newtid */
	/* NEW TUPLE xl_heap_header (PLUS xmax & xmin IF MOVE OP) */
	/* and TUPLE DATA FOLLOWS AT END OF STRUCT */
} xl_heap_update;

#define SizeOfHeapUpdate	(offsetof(xl_heap_update, new_all_visible_cleared) + sizeof(bool))

/*
 * This is what we need to know about vacuum page cleanup/redirect
 *
 * The array of OffsetNumbers following the fixed part of the record contains:
 *	* for each redirected item: the item offset, then the offset redirected to
 *	* for each now-dead item: the item offset
 *	* for each now-unused item: the item offset
 * The total number of OffsetNumbers is therefore 2*nredirected+ndead+nunused.
 * Note that nunused is not explicitly stored, but may be found by reference
 * to the total record length.
 *
 * If the opcode is CLEAN_MOVE instead of CLEAN, then each redirection pair
 * should be interpreted as physically moving the "to" item pointer to the
 * "from" slot, rather than placing a redirection item in the "from" slot.
 * The moved pointers should be replaced by LP_UNUSED items (there will not
 * be explicit entries in the "now-unused" list for this).  Also, the
 * HEAP_ONLY bit in the moved tuples must be turned off.
 */
typedef struct xl_heap_clean
{
	RelFileNode node;
	BlockNumber block;
	uint16		nredirected;
	uint16		ndead;
	/* OFFSET NUMBERS FOLLOW */
} xl_heap_clean;

#define SizeOfHeapClean (offsetof(xl_heap_clean, ndead) + sizeof(uint16))

/* This is for replacing a page's contents in toto */
/* NB: this is used for indexes as well as heaps */
typedef struct xl_heap_newpage
{
	RelFileNode node;
	ForkNumber	forknum;
	BlockNumber blkno;			/* location of new page */
	/* entire page contents follow at end of record */
} xl_heap_newpage;

#define SizeOfHeapNewpage	(offsetof(xl_heap_newpage, blkno) + sizeof(BlockNumber))

/* This is what we need to know about lock */
typedef struct xl_heap_lock
{
	xl_heaptid	target;			/* locked tuple id */
	TransactionId locking_xid;	/* might be a MultiXactId not xid */
	bool		xid_is_mxact;	/* is it? */
	bool		shared_lock;	/* shared or exclusive row lock? */
} xl_heap_lock;

#define SizeOfHeapLock	(offsetof(xl_heap_lock, shared_lock) + sizeof(bool))

/* This is what we need to know about in-place update */
typedef struct xl_heap_inplace
{
	xl_heaptid	target;			/* updated tuple id */
	/* TUPLE DATA FOLLOWS AT END OF STRUCT */
} xl_heap_inplace;

#define SizeOfHeapInplace	(offsetof(xl_heap_inplace, target) + SizeOfHeapTid)

/* This is what we need to know about tuple freezing during vacuum */
typedef struct xl_heap_freeze
{
	RelFileNode node;
	BlockNumber block;
	TransactionId cutoff_xid;
	/* TUPLE OFFSET NUMBERS FOLLOW AT THE END */
} xl_heap_freeze;

#define SizeOfHeapFreeze (offsetof(xl_heap_freeze, cutoff_xid) + sizeof(TransactionId))

/* HeapTupleHeader functions implemented in utils/time/combocid.c */
extern CommandId HeapTupleHeaderGetCmin(HeapTupleHeader tup);
extern CommandId HeapTupleHeaderGetCmax(HeapTupleHeader tup);
extern void HeapTupleHeaderAdjustCmax(HeapTupleHeader tup,
						  CommandId *cmax,
						  bool *iscombo);

/* ----------------
 *		fastgetattr
 *
 *		Fetch a user attribute's value as a Datum (might be either a
 *		value, or a pointer into the data area of the tuple).
 *
 *		This must not be used when a system attribute might be requested.
 *		Furthermore, the passed attnum MUST be valid.  Use heap_getattr()
 *		instead, if in doubt.
 *
 *		This gets called many times, so we macro the cacheable and NULL
 *		lookups, and call nocachegetattr() for the rest.
 * ----------------
 */

#if !defined(DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO)

#define fastgetattr(tup, attnum, tupleDesc, isnull)					\
(																	\
	AssertMacro((attnum) > 0),										\
	(((isnull) != NULL) ? (*(isnull) = false) : (dummyret)NULL),	\
	HeapTupleNoNulls(tup) ?											\
	(																\
		(tupleDesc)->attrs[(attnum)-1]->attcacheoff >= 0 ?			\
		(															\
			fetchatt((tupleDesc)->attrs[(attnum)-1],				\
				(char *) (tup)->t_data + (tup)->t_data->t_hoff +	\
					(tupleDesc)->attrs[(attnum)-1]->attcacheoff)	\
		)															\
		:															\
			nocachegetattr((tup), (attnum), (tupleDesc), (isnull))	\
	)																\
	:																\
	(																\
		att_isnull((attnum)-1, (tup)->t_data->t_bits) ?				\
		(															\
			(((isnull) != NULL) ? (*(isnull) = true) : (dummyret)NULL),		\
			(Datum)NULL												\
		)															\
		:															\
		(															\
			nocachegetattr((tup), (attnum), (tupleDesc), (isnull))	\
		)															\
	)																\
)
#else							/* defined(DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO) */

extern Datum fastgetattr(HeapTuple tup, int attnum, TupleDesc tupleDesc,
			bool *isnull);
#endif   /* defined(DISABLE_COMPLEX_MACRO) */


/* ----------------
 *		heap_getattr
 *
 *		Extract an attribute of a heap tuple and return it as a Datum.
 *		This works for either system or user attributes.  The given attnum
 *		is properly range-checked.
 *
 *		If the field in question has a NULL value, we return a zero Datum
 *		and set *isnull == true.  Otherwise, we set *isnull == false.
 *
 *		<tup> is the pointer to the heap tuple.  <attnum> is the attribute
 *		number of the column (field) caller wants.  <tupleDesc> is a
 *		pointer to the structure describing the row and all its fields.
 * ----------------
 */
#define heap_getattr(tup, attnum, tupleDesc, isnull) \
( \
	AssertMacro((tup) != NULL), \
	( \
		((attnum) > 0) ? \
		( \
			((attnum) > (int) HeapTupleHeaderGetNatts((tup)->t_data)) ? \
			( \
				(((isnull) != NULL) ? (*(isnull) = true) : (dummyret)NULL), \
				(Datum)NULL \
			) \
			: \
				fastgetattr((tup), (attnum), (tupleDesc), (isnull)) \
		) \
		: \
			heap_getsysattr((tup), (attnum), (tupleDesc), (isnull)) \
	) \
)

/* prototypes for functions in common/heaptuple.c */
extern Size heap_compute_data_size(TupleDesc tupleDesc,
					   Datum *values, bool *isnull);
extern void heap_fill_tuple(TupleDesc tupleDesc,
				Datum *values, bool *isnull,
				char *data, Size data_size,
				uint16 *infomask, bits8 *bit);
extern bool heap_attisnull(HeapTuple tup, int attnum);
extern Datum nocachegetattr(HeapTuple tup, int attnum,
			   TupleDesc att, bool *isnull);
extern Datum heap_getsysattr(HeapTuple tup, int attnum, TupleDesc tupleDesc,
				bool *isnull);
extern HeapTuple heap_copytuple(HeapTuple tuple);
extern void heap_copytuple_with_tuple(HeapTuple src, HeapTuple dest);
extern Datum heap_copy_tuple_as_datum(HeapTuple tuple, TupleDesc tupleDesc);
extern HeapTuple heap_form_tuple(TupleDesc tupleDescriptor,
				Datum *values, bool *isnull);
extern HeapTuple heap_modify_tuple(HeapTuple tuple,
				  TupleDesc tupleDesc,
				  Datum *replValues,
				  bool *replIsnull,
				  bool *doReplace);
extern void heap_deform_tuple(HeapTuple tuple, TupleDesc tupleDesc,
				  Datum *values, bool *isnull);

/* these three are deprecated versions of the three above: */
extern HeapTuple heap_formtuple(TupleDesc tupleDescriptor,
			   Datum *values, char *nulls);
extern HeapTuple heap_modifytuple(HeapTuple tuple,
				 TupleDesc tupleDesc,
				 Datum *replValues,
				 char *replNulls,
				 char *replActions);
extern void heap_deformtuple(HeapTuple tuple, TupleDesc tupleDesc,
				 Datum *values, char *nulls);
extern void heap_freetuple(HeapTuple htup);
extern MinimalTuple heap_form_minimal_tuple(TupleDesc tupleDescriptor,
						Datum *values, bool *isnull);
extern void heap_free_minimal_tuple(MinimalTuple mtup);
extern MinimalTuple heap_copy_minimal_tuple(MinimalTuple mtup);
extern HeapTuple heap_tuple_from_minimal_tuple(MinimalTuple mtup);
extern MinimalTuple minimal_tuple_from_heap_tuple(HeapTuple htup);

#endif   /* HTUP_H */
