datalog — Logtalk 3.100.1

# `datalog`

This library provides a portable Datalog and incremental rule engine for educational purposes and non-demanding applications. This library is work-in-progress and changes, possibly breaking backwards compatibility, are to be expected.

## API documentation

Open the ../../apis/library_index.html#datalog link in a web browser.

## Loading

To load all entities in this library, load the `loader.lgt` file:

    | ?- logtalk_load(datalog(loader)).

## Testing

To run the library unit tests, load the `tester.lgt` file:

    | ?- logtalk_load(datalog(tester)).

## Scope

- positive and stratified negation rules (`neg/1` body literals)

- conservative aggregates (`agg(Op, Template, Goals, Result)`) with lower-strata dependencies (`Op` in `count`, `sum`, `min`, `max`)

- safe rules (`Head` and negated literal variables must appear in positive `Body` literals)

- fixpoint materialization

- incremental updates using support-count based propagation

- simple explanations for derived facts

- rule management (`add_rule/3`, `remove_rule/1`)

- transaction support (`begin/0`, `commit/0`, `rollback/0`)

- stratum introspection (`predicate_stratum/3`, `strata/1`)

- rule body normalization (positive ground literals first, then positive non-ground, then aggregates, then negation)

## Public API overview

- lifecycle: `clear/0`, `load_program/1`, `materialize/0`

- rule management: `add_rule/3`, `remove_rule/1`, `rules/1`

- fact management: `assert_fact/1`, `retract_fact/1`, `facts/1`

- querying and explanations: `query/1`, `query/2`, `explain/2`

- updates: `update/3`

- transactions: `begin/0`, `commit/0`, `rollback/0`

- stratification introspection: `predicate_stratum/3`, `strata/1`

Rules and facts are represented as terms:

- `rule(Id, Head, Body)` where `Body` is a list of `Literal` terms:

  - positive literal: `Term`

  - negative literal: `neg(Term)`

  - aggregate literal: `agg(Op, Template, Goals, Result)` where `Op` is one of `count`, `sum`, `min`, `max`

- `fact(Fact)` for extensional database (EDB) facts

Aggregate notes:

- Aggregate dependencies are required to be in lower strata.

- `min` and `max` require at least one matching value; otherwise no fact is derived.

- Incremental updates involving negation or aggregates currently fallback to full rematerialization for correctness.

## Basic usage

    | ?- logtalk_load(datalog(loader)).
    ...

    | ?- Program = [
            rule(path_base, path(X,Y), [edge(X,Y)]),
            rule(path_rec, path(X,Z), [edge(X,Y), path(Y,Z)]),
            fact(edge(a,b)),
            fact(edge(b,c))
        ],
        datalog::load_program(Program),
        datalog::query(path(a,c)).

## Limitations

This first version intentionally keeps the implementation simple and portable. Negation support is currently limited to stratified programs. Aggregates and cost-based optimization are planned future enhancements. Aggregate support is currently limited to `count`, `sum`, `min`, and `max`.