r.out.vrml - GRASS GIS manual
Author: GRASS Development Team
Description: r.out.vrml: Exports a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML).
Keywords: raster, export, output, VRML

## NAME

r.out.vrml - Exports a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML).

## KEYWORDS

raster, export, output, VRML

## SYNOPSIS

r.out.vrml
r.out.vrml --help
r.out.vrml elevation=name [color=name] [exaggeration=float] output=name [--overwrite] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]

### Flags:

--overwrite
  Allow output files to overwrite existing files
--help
  Print usage summary
--verbose
  Verbose module output
--quiet
  Quiet module output
--ui
  Force launching GUI dialog

### Parameters:

elevation=name [required]
  Name of input elevation raster map
color=name
  Name of input color map
exaggeration=float
  Vertical exaggeration
  Default: 1.0
output=name [required]
  Name for output VRML file

## DESCRIPTION

This module exports a GRASS raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) format for 3D visualization.

This version only outputs raster maps in VRML 1.0 format. The newer VRML 2.0 format will be more efficient for geographic applications, as it introduces an "ElevationGrid" node so that only the elevation points will have to be written instead of the whole geometry. The vast majority of VRML viewers currently only support VRML 1.0. If the extension "wrl" (world) is not present in the he output parameter, it will be added.

## WARNING

VRML is not well suited for large geometrys which can result from even a small geographic region. Most viewers seem to bog down with more than 12,000 polygons, depending on your hardware & specific viewer. Each grid cell results in two polygons, so a reasonable size region would be something less than about 75x75. For improved performance and smaller file size, leave off a color map. Since VRML is ascii text, gzip works very well to significantly compress file size.

## NOTE

This is a preliminary release of "r.out.vrml". For further information about VRML and available viewers for various platforms, see:

VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language

## BUGS:

Currently the region is transformed to a unit size, so real geographic location is lost. Side effects when working in a lat-lon location are that besides general distortion due to projection, a very small exaggeration factor (on order of .001) must be used to compensate for vertical units expected to be the same as map units.

## TODO

Update to the more modern GeoVRML format, or probably better the next generation X3D format. See also the Xj3D project.

Future plans for this module are to allow draping of sites objects and vector maps and using the new sites format available in floating point GRASS to embed WWW links into site objects. It will also be upgraded to support VRML 2.0 and will allow entering multiple preset "views" using the existing GRASS 3d_view file format.

Other possible additions:

- Allow animation of elevation, color, or sites based on user interaction.
- Degradation of the raster to produce TINs for improved performance.

## AUTHOR

Bill Brown, US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory

## SOURCE CODE

Available at: r.out.vrml source code (history)

Accessed: Thursday Jun 04 03:30:43 2026

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© 2003-2023 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 7.8.8 Reference Manual