calc(1)                                                                calc(1)



NNAAMMEE
       calc - arbitrary precision calculator

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       _c_a_l_c [--cc] [--CC] [--dd]
            [--DD ccaallcc__ddeebbuugg[[::rreessoouurrccee__ddeebbuugg[[::uusseerr__ddeebbuugg]]]]]
            [--ee] [--ff ffiilleennaammee] [--hh] [--ii] [--mm mmooddee] [--OO]
            [--pp] [--qq] [--ss] [--uu] [--vv] [[[----]] ccaallcc__ccmmdd ......]

       _#_!_/_o_p_t_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_b_i_n_/_c_a_l_c [optional_other_flags ...] --ff




DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       --cc     Continue reading command lines even after a scan/parse error has
              caused the abandonment of a line.  Note that  this  option  only
              deals  with  scanning and parsing of the calc language.  It does
              not deal with execution or run-time errors.

              For example:

                   calc read many_errors.cal

              will cause ccaallcc to abort on the first syntax error, whereas:

                   calc -c read many_errors.cal

              will cause ccaallcc to try to process each line being  read  despite
              the scan/parse errors that it encounters.

              By  default, calc startup resource files are silently ignored if
              not found.  This flag will report missing startup resource files
              unless --dd is also given.


       --CC     Permit  the execution of custom builtin functions.  Without this
              flag, calling the custom() builtin function will simply generate
              an error.

              Use  of  this  flag may cause ccaallcc to execute functions that are
              non-standard and that are not portable.   Custom  builtin  func-
              tions are disabled by default for this reason.


       --dd     Disable  the  printing  of  the  opening title.  The printing of
              resource file debug and informational messages is also  disabled
              as if ccoonnffiigg((""rreessoouurrccee__ddeebbuugg"",, 00)) had been executed.

              For example:

                   calc "read qtime; qtime(2)"

              will output something like:

                   qtime(utc_hr_offset) defined
                   It's nearly ten past six.

              whereas:

                   calc -d "read qtime; qtime(2)"

              will just print:

                   It's nearly ten past six.

              This  flag  disables  the  reporting  of  missing  calc  startup
              resource files.


              This flag also disables the  printing  the  leading  tilde.  For
              example:

                   calc 2/3

              will print:

                   ~0.66666666666666666667


              whereas:

                   calc -d 2/3

              will just print:

                   0.66666666666666666667



       --DD calc_debug[:resource_debug[:user_debug]]
              Force   the   initial   value   of   config("calc_debug"),  con-
              fig("resource_debug") and config("user_debug").

              The : separated strings are interpreted as signed 32  bit  inte-
              gers.   After  an optional leading sign a leading zero indicates
              octal conversion, and a leading  ``0x''  or  ``0X''  hexadecimal
              conversion.  Otherwise, decimal conversion is assumed.

              By  default, _c_a_l_c___d_e_b_u_g is 0, _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e___d_e_b_u_g is 3 and _u_s_e_r___d_e_b_u_g
              is 0.

              For more information use the following ccaallcc command:

                   help config


       --ee     Ignore any  environment  variables  on  startup.   The  getenv()
              builtin will still return values, however.


       --ff filename
              This flag is normally only with calc shell scripts.

              This  flag is required when using calc in sshheellll ssccrriipptt mmooddee.  It
              must be at the end of the initial ##!!  line of the script, as in:

                   _#_!_/_o_p_t_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_b_i_n_/_c_a_l_c [optional_other_flags ...] --ff

              the rest of the file will be processed in sshheellll ssccrriipptt mmooddee.


              A  common  flag to use, prior to the --ff on the #! line is the --qq
              flag.  For example:

                   _#_!_/_o_p_t_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_b_i_n_/_c_a_l_c --qq --ff


              See SSHHEELLLL SSCCRRIIPPTT  MMOODDEE  section  of  this  man  page  below  for
              details.

              While the actual form of this flag is:

                   --ff filename

              for  systems  that treat an executable that begins with ##!!  as a
              script, the path of the executable is appended by the kernel  as
              the  final  argument to the exec() system call.  This is why the
              --ff flag at the very end of the ##!!  line.

              It is possible use --ff filename on the command line:

                   _c_a_l_c [optional_other_flags ...] --ff filename

              This will cause calc to  process  lines  in  ffiilleennaammee  in  sshheellll
              ssccrriipptt mmooddee.


              NNOOTTEE:: The use of --ff does NNOOTT imply --qq and thus one would need to
              use

                   _c_a_l_c [optional_other_flags ...] --qq --ff filename

              to disable the use of calc startup files as well.


              The use of --ff filename implies the --ss flag.


       --hh     Print a help message.  This option implies --qq.  This is  equiva-
              lent  to  the ccaallcc command help help.  The help facility is dis-
              abled unless the mode is 5 or 7.  See --mm.


       --ii     Become interactive if possible.  This flag will  cause  ccaallcc  to
              drop  into  interactive mode after the _c_a_l_c___c_m_d arguments on the
              command line are evaluated.  Without this flag, ccaallcc  will  exit
              after they are evaluated.

              For example:

                   calc 2+5

              will print the value 7 and exit whereas:

                   calc -i 2+5

              will  print  the  value 7 and prompt the user for more ccaallcc com-
              mands.


       --mm mode
              This flag sets the permission mode of  ccaallcc.   It  controls  the
              ability  for  ccaallcc to open files and execute programs.  _M_o_d_e may
              be a number from 0 to 7.

              The mode value is interpreted in a way similar to  that  of  the
              cchhmmoodd(1) octal mode:

                   0  do not open any file, do not execute progs
                   1  do not open any file
                   2  do not open files for reading, do not execute progs
                   3  do not open files for reading
                   4  do not open files for writing, do not execute progs
                   5  do not open files for writing
                   6  do not execute any program
                   7  allow everything (default mode)

              If one wished to run ccaallcc from a privileged user, one might want
              to use --mm 0 in an effort to make ccaallcc somewhat more secure.

              Mode bits for reading and writing apply only on an open.   Files
              already open are not effected.  Thus if one wanted to use the --mm
              0 in an effort to make ccaallcc  somewhat  more  secure,  but  still
              wanted  to  read and write a specific file, one might want to do
              in sshh(1), kksshh(1), bbaasshh(1)-like shells:

                   calc -m 0 3<a.file

              Files presented to ccaallcc in this way are  opened  in  an  unknown
              mode.  CCaallcc will attempt to read or write them if directed.

              If  the  mode  disables  opening  of files for reading, then the
              startup resource files are disabled as if  --qq  was  given.   The
              reading  of key bindings is also disabled when the mode disables
              opening of files for reading.


       --OO     Use the old classic defaults instead of the  default  configura-
              tion.   This  flag as the same effect as executing ccoonnffiigg((""aallll"",,
              ""oollddccffgg"")) at startup time.

              NOTE: Older versions of calc used --nn to setup a modified form of
              the  default  calc  configuration.   The  --nn flag currently does
              nothing.  Use of the --nn flag is now deprecated and may  be  used
              for something else in the future.


       --pp     Pipe processing is enabled by use of --pp.  For example:

                   calc -p "2^21701-1" | fizzbin

              In  pipe mode, ccaallcc does not prompt, does not print leading tabs
              and does not print the initial header.  The  --pp  flag  overrides
              --ii.


              When  running  calc as a shell script (see SSHHEELLLL SSCCRRIIPPTT MMOODDEE for
              details), calc will close standard input (stdin) during  startup
              UUNNLLEESSSS  the  --pp flag is given on the command line.  When calc is
              running in sshheellll  ssccrriipptt  mmooddee,  shell  scripts  that  call  the
              pprroommpptt(str)  builtin  will not work properly (the prompt builtin
              will always fail) unless the --pp flag is  given  on  the  command
              line.


       --qq     Disable the reading of the startup scripts.

              This  allows  the script to run independently of startup scripts
              such those managed by the  $$CCAALLCCRRCC  environment  variable.   For
              example,  this  will  disable  the use of the common calcrc file
              (usually ~/.calcrc).


       --ss     By default, all _c_a_l_c___c_m_d args are evaluated and executed.   This
              flag  will disable their evaluation and instead make them avail-
              able as strings for the argv() builtin function.


       --uu     Disable buffering of stdin and stdout.


       --vv     Print the ccaallcc version number and exit.


       ----     The double dash indicates to calc that no more  options  follow.
              Thus  calc will ignore a later argument on the command line even
              if it starts with a dash.  This is useful when entering negative
              values on the command line as in:

                   calc -p -- -1 - -7





CCAALLCC CCOOMMMMAANNDD LLIINNEE
       With  no  _c_a_l_c___c_m_d  arguments,  ccaallcc operates interactively.  If one or
       more arguments are given on the command line and --ss is NOT given,  then
       ccaallcc  will  read  and execute them and either attempt to go interactive
       according as the --ii flag was present or absent.

       If --ss is given, ccaallcc will  not  evaluate  any  _c_a_l_c___c_m_d  arguments  but
       instead  make them available as strings to the argv() builtin function.

       Sufficiently simple  commands  with  no  characters  like  parentheses,
       brackets,  semicolons,  '*', which have special interpretations in UNIX
       shells may be entered, possibly with spaces, until the terminating new-
       line.  For example:

            calc 23 + 47

       will print 70.  However, command lines will have problems:

            calc 23 * 47

            calc -23 + 47

       The first example above fails because the shell interprets the '*' as a
       file glob.  The second example fails because '-23' is viewed as a  calc
       option (which it is not) and do calc objects to that it thinks of as an
       unknown option.  These cases can usually be made to work as expected by
       enclosing the command between quotes:

            calc '23 * 47'

            calc "print sqrt(2), exp(1)"

       or in parentheses and quotes to avoid leading -'s as in:

            calc '(-23 + 47)'

       One  may  also use a double dash to denote that calc options have ended
       as in:

            calc -- -23 + 47

            calc -q -- -23 + 47

       If '!' is to be used to indicate the  factorial  function,  for  shells
       like ccsshh_(_1_) for which '!' followed by a non-space character is used for
       history substitution, it may be necessary to include a space or  use  a
       backslash  to escape the special meaning of '!'.  For example, the com-
       mand:

            print 27!^2

       may have to be replaced by:

            print 27! ^2    or      print 27\!^2

       Reading from standard input when calc is part of a pipe works  as  long
       as  the  -p flag is given to calc.  For example, this will print chongo
       was here:

            echo chongo was here | calc -p 'print fgetline(files(0));'


       while this does not:

            echo chongo was here | calc 'print fgetline(files(0));'


       nor will this print chongo was here:

            echo chongo was here | calc -i 'print fgetline(files(0));'


       This is because without --pp, the interactive parser,  in  an  effort  to
       parse interactive commands, flushes data on standard input.




CCAALLCC SSTTAARRTTUUPP FFIILLEESS
       Normally  on  startup, if the environment variable $$CCAALLCCRRCC is undefined
       and ccaallcc is invoked without the --qq flag, or if $$CCAALLCCRRCC is  defined  and
       calc  is  invoked  with --ee, ccaallcc looks for a file "startup" in the calc
       resource directory ..ccaallccrrcc in the user's home directory, and  ..ccaallcciinniitt
       iinn  tthhee ccuurrrreenntt ddiirreeccttoorryy..  If one or more of these are found, they are
       read in succession as ccaallcc scripts and their commands  executed.   When
       defined,  $$CCAALLCCRRCC is to contain a ':' separated list of names of files,
       and if calc is then invoked without either the --qq or  --ee  flags,  these
       files  are  read  in  succession and their commands executed.  No error
       condition is produced if a listed file is not found.

       If the mode specified by --mm disables opening of files for reading, then
       the reading of startup files is also disabled as if --qq was given.




CCAALLCC FFIILLEE SSEEAARRCCHH PPAATTHH
       If the environment variable $$CCAALLCCPPAATTHH is undefined, or if it is defined
       and ccaallcc is invoked with the --ee flag, when a file  name  not  beginning
       with //, ~~ or ..//, is specified as in:

            calc read myfile

       ccaallcc searches in succession:

            ./myfile
            ./myfile.cal
            /opt/local/lib/myfile
            /opt/local/lib/myfile.cal
            /opt/local/share/calc/custom/myfile
            /opt/local/share/calc/custom/myfile.cal

       If the file is found, the search stops and the commands in the file are
       executed.  It is an error if no readable file with the  specified  name
       is  found.   An  alternative  search  path can be specified by defining
       $$CCAALLCCPPAATTHH in the same way as PATH is defined, as a ':'  separated  list
       of directories, and then invoking ccaallcc without the --ee flag.

       CCaallcc  treats  all  open  files,  other than stdin, stdout and stderr as
       files available for reading and writing.  One may present ccaallcc with  an
       already open file using sshh(1), kksshh(1), bbaasshh(1)-like shells is to:

            calc 3<open_file 4<open_file2

       For more information use the following ccaallcc commands:

            help help
            help overview
            help usage
            help environment
            help config





SSHHEELLLL SSCCRRIIPPTT MMOODDEE
       If  the  first  line  of  an executable file begins ##!!  followed by the
       absolute pathname of the ccaallcc program and the first line ends with  the
       flag --ff as in:

            _#_!_/_o_p_t_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_b_i_n_/_c_a_l_c [optional_other_flags ...] --ff

       the rest of the file will be processed in sshheellll ssccrriipptt mmooddee.  Note that
       --ss --ff must be at the  end  of  the  initial  ``#!''  line.   Any  other
       optional ooppttiioonnaall__ootthheerr__ffllaaggss must come before the --ff flag.

       In  sshheellll ssccrriipptt mmooddee the contents of the file are read and executed as
       if they were in a file being processed by a read command, except that a
       "command"  beginning  with '#' followed by whitespace and ending at the
       next   newline   is   treated   as    a    comment.     Any    optional
       ooppttiioonnaall__ootthheerr__ffllaaggss  will  be parsed first followed by the later lines
       within the script itself.

       In sshheellll ssccrriipptt mmooddee, --ss is always assumed.  In addition, --dd and --pp are
       automatically set if --ii is not given.

       NNOOTTEE:: The use of --ff does NNOOTT imply --qq and thus one would need to use

            _c_a_l_c [optional_other_flags ...] --qq --ff filename

       to disable the use of calc startup files as well.

       For example, if the file //ttmmpp//mmeerrsseennnnee:

            _#_!_/_o_p_t_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_b_i_n_/_c_a_l_c --qq --ff

            /* setup */
            argc = argv();
            program = argv(0);
            stderr = files(2);

            /* parse args */
            if (argc != 2) {
                fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s exp0, program);
                abort "must give one exponent arg";
            }
            exp = eval(argv(1));
            if (!isint(exp) || exp < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "%s: exp must be non-negative integer0, program);
                abort "must give one exponent arg";
            }

            /* print the mersenne number */
            print "2^": exp : "-1 =", 2^exp-1;

       is made an executable file by:

            chmod +x /tmp/mersenne

       then the command line:

            /tmp/mersenne 127

       will print:

            2^127-1 = 170141183460469231731687303715884105727

       Note  that  because --ss is required in sshheellll ssccrriipptt mmooddee non-dashed args
       are made available as strings via the aarrggvv() builtin function.   There-
       fore:

            2^eval(argv(1))-1

       will print the decimal value of 2^n-1 whereas

            2^argv(1)-1

       will not.


       By  default,  using  calc startup in sshheellll ssccrriipptt mmooddee, calc will close
       standard input (stdin).  Thus builtin  functions  such  as  pprroommpptt(str)
       will  fail  (return  a  null  value).  Calc shell scripts that call the
       pprroommpptt(str) builtin will not work properly  (the  prompt  builtin  will
       always fail and return a null value) unless the --pp flag is given on the
       command line.


       The following shell script will always print "got null"  because  stdin
       will be closed by calc during startup:


            #!/usr/bin/calc -q -f

            # The prompt will ALWAYS FAIL and return a null value
            n = prompt("Test> ");
            if (isnull(n)) {
              print("got null");
            } else {
              print("got " + n);
            }

       However  the  following  shell script (note the --pp before the --ff in the
       1st line) will be interactive, prompt with "Test> " and print the "got"
       result as expected:


            #!/usr/bin/calc -q -p -f

            n = prompt("Test> ");
            if (isnull(n)) {
              print("got null");
            } else {
              print("got " + n);
            }


       Note  in  the example above, the --pp flag must be given before the final
       --ff command line flag.




DDAATTAA TTYYPPEESS
       Fundamental builtin data types include integers, real numbers, rational
       numbers, complex numbers and strings.

       By  use of an object, one may define an arbitrarily complex data types.
       One may define how such objects behave a wide range of operations  such
       as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, negation, squaring,
       modulus, rounding, exponentiation, equality, comparison,  printing  and
       so on.

       For more information use the following ccaallcc commands:

          help types
          help obj
          show objfuncs




VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS
       Variables  in  _c_a_l_c are typeless.  In other words, the fundamental type
       of a variable is determined by  its  content.   Before  a  variable  is
       assigned a value it has the value of zero.

       The  scope  of a variable may be global, local to a file, or local to a
       procedure.  Values may be grouped together in a matrix, or into a  list
       that permits stack and queue style operations.

       For more information use the following ccaallcc commands:

          help variable
          help mat
          help list
          show globals




IINNPPUUTT//OOUUTTPPUUTT
       A  leading ``0x'' implies a hexadecimal value, a leading ``0b'' implies
       a binary value, and a ``0'' followed by a digit implies an octal value.
       Complex  numbers are indicated by a trailing ``i'' such as in ``3+4i''.
       Strings may be delimited by either a pair of single or  double  quotes.
       By  default, _c_a_l_c prints values as if they were floating point numbers.
       One may change the default to print values in a number of modes includ-
       ing fractions, integers and exponentials.

       A number of stdio-like file I/O operations are provided.  One may open,
       read, write, seek and close files.  Filenames  are  subject  to  ``  ''
       expansion  to  home directories in a way similar to that of the Korn or
       C-Shell.

       For example:

          ~/.calcrc
          ~chongo/lib/fft_multiply.cal

       For more information use the following ccaallcc command:

          help file




CCAALLCC LLAANNGGUUAAGGEE
       The _c_a_l_c language is a C-like language.  The language includes commands
       such  as variable declarations, expressions, tests, labels, loops, file
       operations, function calls.  These commands are very similar  to  their
       counterparts in C.

       The  language  also  include  a  number  of commands particular to _c_a_l_c
       itself.  These include commands  such  as  function  definition,  help,
       reading  in  resource  files, dump files to a file, error notification,
       configuration control and status.

       For more information use the following ccaallcc command:

          help command
          help statement
          help expression
          help operator
          help config




FFIILLEESS
       /opt/local/bin/calc
            calc binary

       /opt/local/bin/cscript/*
            calc shell scripts

       /opt/local/lib/*.cal
            calc standard resource files

       /opt/local/lib/help/*
            help files

       /opt/local/lib/bindings
            non-GNU-readline command line editor bindings

       /opt/local/include/calc/*.h
            include files for C interface use

       /opt/local/lib/libcalc.a
            calc binary link library

       /opt/local/lib/libcustcalc.a
            custom binary link library

       /opt/local/share/calc/custom/*.cal
            custom resource files

       /opt/local/share/calc/custhelp/*
            custom help files



EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
       CALCPATH
            A :-separated list of directories used to search for calc resource
            filenames that do not begin with /, ./ or ~.

            If   this   variable   is   unset  or  empty,  ccaallcc  first  checks
            $XDG_DATA_HOME and $XDG_CONFIG_HOME.  When both name usable  abso-
            lute directories, ccaallcc searches in succession:

                 ${XDG_DATA_HOME}/calc
                 ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/calc
                 ${CALC_SHAREDIR}
                 /opt/local/share/calc/custom

            If  neither XDG directory is usable, the compiled fallback is usu-
            ally:

                 ~/.cal
                 ${CALC_SHAREDIR}
                 /opt/local/share/calc/custom

       CALCRC
            On startup (unless -h or -q was given on the command  line),  ccaallcc
            searches for files along this :-separated environment variable.

            If  this  variable  is unset or empty, ccaallcc first checks $XDG_CON-
            FIG_HOME.   When  it  names  a  usable  absolute  directory,  ccaallcc
            searches in succession:

                 ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/calc/calcrc
                 ${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup

            If  $XDG_CONFIG_HOME  is not usable, the compiled fallback is usu-
            ally:

                 ~/.calcrc
                 ${CALC_SHAREDIR}/startup

       CALCBINDINGS
            On startup (unless _-_h or _-_q was given on the command line,  or  _-_m
            disallows opening files for reading), ccaallcc reads key bindings from
            the filename specified by  this  environment  variable.   The  key
            binding  file is searched for along the $CALCPATH list of directo-
            ries.

            Default value: binding

            This variable is not used if calc was compiled  with  GNU-readline
            support.   In  that  case,  the  standard readline mechanisms (see
            readline(3)) are used.

       CALCHISTFILE
            Location of the calc history file.

            If this variable is unset or empty, ccaallcc first  uses  an  existing
            ~~//..ccaallcc__hhiissttoorryy  file.   Otherwise,  ccaallcc  checks $XDG_STATE_HOME.
            When it names a usable absolute writable directory, the  effective
            value is:

                 ${XDG_STATE_HOME}/calc/history

            If neither applies, the fallback value is:

                 ~/.calc_history

            This  variable  is not used if calc was compiled with GNU-readline
            support.

       CALCHELP
            Location of the calc help directory.

            Default value: /opt/local/share/calc/help

       CALCCUSTOMHELP
            Location of the calc custom help directory.

            Default value: /opt/local/share/calc/custhelp



       When CALCPATH, CALCRC and CALCHISTFILE are unset or empty, ccaallcc follows
       the XDG Base Directory Specification as described above.

       You  may override those locations by setting the calc environment vari-
       ables explicitly.  For example, to restore the usual legacy defaults on
       a typical Unix install:

            export CALCRC="./.calcinit:$HOME/.calcrc:/usr/share/calc/startup"
            export CALCPATH=".:./cal:$HOME/.cal:/usr/share/calc:/usr/share/calc/custom"
            export CALCHISTFILE="$HOME/.calc_history"

       For more information on the XDG Base Directory specification see:

            https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir/latest/

       Note  that  ccaallcc  will  attempt  to  create  the  parent  directory  of
       $CALCHISTFILE.  If that is not sufficient, you may need to run:

            mkdir -p $(dirname $CALCHISTFILE)

       for the history mechanism if you choose a path to a file that does  not
       yet exist.


CCRREEDDIITT
       The main chunk of ccaallcc was written by David I. Bell.

       The ccaallcc primary mirror, and calc bug report processing is performed by
       Landon Curt Noll.

       Landon Curt  Noll  maintains  the  master  reference  source,  performs
       release  control functions as well as other calc maintenance functions.

       Thanks for suggestions and encouragement from Peter Miller,  Neil  Jus-
       tusson, and Landon Noll.

       Thanks  to  Stephen Rothwell for writing the original version of hist.c
       which is used to do the command line editing.

       Thanks to Ernest W. Bowen for supplying many improvements  in  accuracy
       and  generality  for some numeric functions.  Much of this was in terms
       of actual code which I gratefully accepted.  Ernest also  supplied  the
       original text for many of the help files.

       Portions  of  this  program  are  derived from an earlier set of public
       domain arbitrarily precision routines  which  was  posted  to  the  net
       around  1984.   By  now, there is almost no recognizable code left from
       that original source.


CCOOPPYYIINNGG // CCAALLCC GGNNUU LLEESSSSEERR GGEENNEERRAALL PPUUBBLLIICC LLIICCEENNSSEE
       Calc is open software, and is covered under  version  2.1  of  the  GNU
       Lesser  General  Public  License.   You are welcome to change it and/or
       distribute copies of it under certain conditions.  The calc commands:

            help copyright
            help copying
            help copying-lgpl
            help credit

       should display the contents of  the  COPYING  and  COPYING-LGPL  files.
       Those  files  contain  information  about the calc's GNU Lesser General
       Public License, and in particular the conditions under  which  you  are
       allowed to change it and/or distribute copies of it.

       You  should  have  received a copy of the version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser
       General Public License.  If you do not have these files, write to:

            Free Software Foundation, Inc.
            51 Franklin Street
            Fifth Floor
            Boston, MA  02110-1301
            USA

       Calc is copyrighted in several different ways.  These ways include:

            Copyright (C) year  David I. Bell
            Copyright (C) year  David I. Bell and Landon Curt Noll
            Copyright (C) year  David I. Bell and Ernest Bowen
            Copyright (C) year  David I. Bell, Landon Curt Noll and Ernest Bowen
            Copyright (C) year  Landon Curt Noll
            Copyright (C) year  Ernest Bowen and Landon Curt Noll
            Copyright (C) year  Ernest Bowen
            Copyright (C) year  Petteri Kettunen and Landon Curt Noll
            Copyright (C) year  Christoph Zurnieden
            Copyright (C) year  Landon Curt Noll and Thomas Jones-Low
            Copyright (C) year  Klaus Alexander Seistrup and Landon Curt Noll

       A few files in calc are covered under "The Unlicense".  For more infor-
       mation on this license, see:

            https://unlicense.org



CCAALLCC QQUUEESSTTIIOONNSS
       To ask the calc maintainers a general question about calc, see the out-
       put of the following calc command:


            ; help question


       or read the source file:


            QUESTIONS



       or visit the following URL:

            https://github.com/lcn2/calc/blob/master/QUESTIONS



BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS // BBUUGG FFIIXXEESS
       To inform the calc maintainers about a bug, or to submit a bug fix, see
       the output of the following calc command:


            ; help bugs


       or read the source file:


            BUGS


       or visit the following URL:

            https://github.com/lcn2/calc/blob/master/BUGS



CCOONNTTRRIIBBUUTTIINNGG CCOODDEE TTOO CCAALLCC
       _C_a_l_c  is  open  source.  You are welcome to contribute code to calc, or
       submit bug fixes to to calc.

       To contribute code to calc, please see see the output of the  following
       calc command:


            ; help contrib



       or read the source file:


            CONTRIB-CODE


       or visit the following URL:

            https://github.com/lcn2/calc/blob/master/CONTRIB-CODE



CCAALLCC WWEEBB SSIITTEE
       Landon Noll maintains the ccaallcc web site is located at:

            www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/calc/

CCAALLCC SSOOUURRCCEE CCOODDEE
       The latest version of calc source code may be obtained at the following
       GitHub repo:

            https://github.com/lcn2/calc

       The very latest calc source is found at the top master branch.


       You may download the calc releases from:

            https://github.com/lcn2/calc/releases

       The releases marked ((((PPrree--rreelleeaassee)))) are beta releases.

       The most recent release that is NOT  marked ((((PPrree--rreelleeaassee)))) is the rec-
       ommended stable release.



Share and enjoy!  :-)                ^..^                              calc(1)
