# -*- perl -*-
#
# Copyright (C) 2011-2025 Alexis Bienvenüe <paamc@passoire.fr>
#
# This file is part of Auto-Multiple-Choice
#
# Auto-Multiple-Choice is free software: you can redistribute it
# and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of
# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# Auto-Multiple-Choice is distributed in the hope that it will be
# useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
# of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with Auto-Multiple-Choice.  If not, see
# <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

use warnings;
use 5.012;

package AMC::DataModule::scoring;

# AMC scoring management.

# This module is used to store (in a SQLite database) and handle all
# data concerning data scoring (scoring strategies, scores and marks).

# TERMINOLOGY NOTE:
#
# 'student' refers to the student number that is written at the top of
# each page, in the format +<student>/<page>/<check>+
#
# If the questions are printed from AMC, and not photocopied, each
# physical student has a different student number on his sheet.
#
# If some questions are photocopied before beeing distributed to the
# students, several students can have the same student number. To make
# a difference between their completed answer sheets, a 'copy' number
# is added. 'copy' is 1 for the first student using a given student
# number sheet, then 2, and so on.
#
# Hence, a completed answer sheet is identified by the (student,copy)
# couple, and a printed sheet (and correct answers, scoring
# strategies) is identified by the student number only.
#
# 'question' is a number associated by LaTeX with every different
# question (based on the small text given as XXX in the
# \begin{question}{XXX} or \begin{questionmult}{XXX} commands).
#
# 'answer' is the answer number, starting from 1 for each question,
# before beeing shuffled.

# TABLES:
#
# title contains the titles (argument of the \begin{question} and
# \begin{questionmult} commands) of all the questions
#
# * question is the question number, as created by LaTeX and used in
#   the databases <layout>, <capture>.
#
# * title id the title of the question.
#
# default holds the default scoring strategies, as specified with the
# \scoringDefaultM and \scoringDefaultS commands in the LaTeX source
# file. This table contains 2 rows.
#
# * type is the question type, either QUESTION_SIMPLE or QUESTION_MULT
#   (these constants are defined in this module).
#
# * strategy is the default strategy string for this question type.
#
# main holds scoring strategies defined outside question/questionmult
# environments, either outside the onecopy/examcopy data (with
# student=-1), or inside (student=current student number).
#
# * student is the student number.
#
# * strategy is the strategy string given in the LaTeX file as an
#   argument of the \scoring command.
#
# question holds scoring strategies for questions.
#
# * student is the student number.
#
# * question is the question number.
#
# * type is the question type, either QUESTION_SIMPLE or
#   QUESTION_MULT
#
# * indicative is 1 if the question is indicative (the score is not
#   taken into account when computing the student mark).
#
# * strategy is the question scoring strategy string, given in the
#   LaTeX file inside the question/questionmult environment (but
#   before \correctchoice and \wrongchoice commands).
#
# answer holds scoring strategies concerning answers.
#
# * student is the student number.
#
# * question is the question number.
#
# * answer is the answer number, starting from 1 for each question.
#
# * correct is 1 if this choice is correct (use of \correctchoice).
#
# * strategy is the answer scoring strategy string, given in the LaTeX
#   file after the corresponding correctchoice/wrongchoice commands.
#
# score holds the questions scores for each student.
#
# * student is the student number.
#
# * copy is the copy number.
#
# * question is the question number.
#
# * score is the score resulting from applying the scoring strategy to
#   the student's answers.
#
# * why is a small string that is used to know when special cases has
#   been encountered:
#
#     E means syntax error (several boxes ticked for a simple
#     question, or " none of the above" AND another box ticked for a
#     multiple question).
#
#     V means that no box are ticked.
#
#     P means that a floor has been applied.
#
#     X means that an external score has been applied.
#
# * max is the question score associated to a copy where all answers
#   are correct.
#
# external holds the question scores that are not computed by AMC, but
# given from external data.
#
# * student, copy identifies the student.
#
# * question is the question number.
#
# * score is the score to be affected to this question.
#
# mark holds global marks of the students.
#
# * student is the student number.
#
# * copy is the copy number.
#
# * total is the total score (sum of the questions scores).
#
# * max is the total score associated to a perfect copy.
#
# * mark is the student mark.
#
# code holds the codes entered by the students (see \AMCcode).
#
# * student is the student number.
#
# * copy is the copy number.
#
# * code is the code name.
#
# * value is the code value.
#
# * direct is 1 if the score comes directly from a decoded zone image,
#   and 0 if it is computed while scoring.

# VARIABLES:
#
# postcorrect_flag is 1 if the postcorrect mode is supposed to be used
# (correct answers are not indicated in the LaTeX source, but will be
# set from a teacher completed answer sheet).
#
# postcorrect_student
# postcorrect_copy    identify the sheet completed by the teacher.
#
# postcorrect_set_multiple (see postcorrect function)
#
# --- the following values are supplied in the Preferences window
#
# darkness_threshold and darkness_threshold_up are the parameters used
# for determining wether a box is ticked or not.
#
# mark_floor is the minimum mark to be given to a student.
#
# mark_max is the mark to be given to a perfect completed answer
# sheet.
#
# ceiling is true if AMC should put a ceiling on the students marks
# (this can be useful if the SUF global scoring strategy is used).
#
# rounding is the rounding type to be used for the marks.
#
# granularity is the granularity for the marks rounding.

use Exporter qw(import);

use constant {
    QUESTION_SIMPLE => 1,
    QUESTION_MULT   => 2,

    DIRECT_MARK      => 0,
    DIRECT_NAMEFIELD => 1,
};

our @EXPORT_OK = qw(QUESTION_SIMPLE QUESTION_MULT DIRECT_MARK DIRECT_NAMEFIELD);
our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
    question => [qw/QUESTION_SIMPLE QUESTION_MULT/],
    direct   => [qw/DIRECT_MARK DIRECT_NAMEFIELD/],
);

use AMC::Basic;
use AMC::DataModule;
use AMC::DataModule::capture ':zone';
use AMC::DataModule::layout ':flags';

use XML::Simple;

our @ISA = ("AMC::DataModule");

sub version_current {
    return (3);
}

sub version_upgrade {
    my ( $self, $old_version ) = @_;
    if ( $old_version == 0 ) {

        # Upgrading from version 0 (empty database) to version 1 :
        # creates all the tables.

        debug "Creating scoring tables...";
        $self->sql_do( "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
              . $self->table("title")
              . " (question INTEGER, title TEXT)" );
        $self->sql_do( "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
              . $self->table("default")
              . " (type INTEGER, strategy TEXT)" );
        $self->sql_do( "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
              . $self->table("main")
              . " (student INTEGER, strategy TEXT)" );
        $self->sql_do( "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
              . $self->table("question")
              . " (student INTEGER, question INTEGER, type INTEGER, indicative INTEGER DEFAULT 0, strategy TEXT, PRIMARY KEY (student,question))"
        );
        $self->sql_do( "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
              . $self->table("answer")
              . " (student INTEGER, question INTEGER, answer INTEGER, correct INTEGER, strategy INTEGER, PRIMARY KEY (student,question,answer))"
        );
        $self->sql_do( "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
              . $self->table("alias")
              . " (student INTEGER,see INTEGER)" );

        $self->sql_do( "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
              . $self->table("score")
              . " (student INTEGER, copy INTEGER, question INTEGER, score REAL, why TEXT, max REAL, PRIMARY KEY (student,copy,question))"
        );
        $self->sql_do( "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
              . $self->table("mark")
              . " (student INTEGER, copy INTEGER, total REAL, max REAL, mark REAL, PRIMARY KEY (student,copy))"
        );
        $self->sql_do( "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
              . $self->table("code")
              . " (student INTEGER, copy INTEGER, code TEXT, value TEXT, direct INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, PRIMARY KEY (student,copy,code))"
        );

        $self->statement('NEWdefault')->execute( QUESTION_SIMPLE, "" );
        $self->statement('NEWdefault')->execute( QUESTION_MULT,   "" );

        $self->populate_from_xml;

        return (2);
    } elsif ( $old_version == 1 ) {
        $self->sql_do( "ALTER TABLE "
              . $self->table("code")
              . " ADD COLUMN direct INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0" );
        return (2);
    } elsif ( $old_version == 2) {
        $self->sql_do( "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
                       . $self->table("external")
                       . " (student INTEGER, copy INTEGER, question INTEGER, score REAL, PRIMARY KEY (student,copy,question))"
        );
        return (3);
    }
    return ('');
}

# populate_from_xml read the old format XML files (if any) and inserts
# them in the new SQLite database

sub populate_from_xml {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my $scoring_file = $self->{data}->directory;
    $scoring_file =~ s:/[^/]+/?$:/bareme.xml:;
    return if ( !-f $scoring_file );

    $self->progression( 'begin',
        __ "Fetching scoring data from old format XML files..." );

    my $xml = XMLin( $scoring_file, ForceArray => 1, KeyAttr => ['id'] );

    $self->main_strategy( -1, $xml->{main} );
    my @s    = ( keys %{ $xml->{etudiant} } );
    my $frac = 0;

    for my $student (@s) {
        my $s = $xml->{etudiant}->{$student};
        if ( $student eq 'defaut' ) {
            $self->default_strategy( QUESTION_SIMPLE,
                $s->{question}->{S}->{bareme} );
            $self->default_strategy( QUESTION_MULT,
                $s->{question}->{M}->{bareme} );
        } elsif ( $student =~ /^[0-9]+$/ ) {
            $self->main_strategy( $student, $s->{main} );
            for my $question ( keys %{ $s->{question} } ) {
                if ( $question =~ /^[0-9]+$/ ) {
                    my $q = $s->{question}->{$question};
                    $self->question_title( $question, $q->{titre} );
                    $self->new_question(
                        $student,
                        $question,
                        ( $q->{multiple}   ? QUESTION_MULT : QUESTION_SIMPLE ),
                        ( $q->{indicative} ? 1             : 0 ),
                        $q->{bareme}
                    );

                    if ( $q->{reponse} ) {
                        if ( ref( $q->{reponse} ) eq 'HASH' ) {
                            for my $answer ( keys %{ $q->{reponse} } ) {
                                my $a = $q->{reponse}->{$answer};
                                $self->new_answer(
                                    $student,    $question, $answer,
                                    $a->{bonne}, $a->{bareme}
                                );
                            }
                        } else {
                            debug
"WARNING: reponse is not a HASHREF for S=$student Q=$question";
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    debug "Unknown question id: <$question>";
                }
            }
        } else {
            debug "Unknown student id: <$student>";
        }
        $frac++;
        $self->progression( 'fraction', 0.5 * $frac / ( $#s + 1 ) );
    }

    $scoring_file = $self->{data}->directory;
    $scoring_file =~ s:/[^/]+/?$:/notes.xml:;
    return if ( !-f $scoring_file );

    $frac = 0;

    $xml = XMLin( $scoring_file, ForceArray => 1, KeyAttr => ['id'] );

    $self->variable( 'darkness_threshold',    $xml->{seuil} );
    $self->variable( 'darkness_threshold_up', 1.0 );
    $self->variable( 'mark_floor',            $xml->{notemin} );
    $self->variable( 'mark_max',              $xml->{notemax} );
    $self->variable( 'ceiling',               $xml->{plafond} );
    $self->variable( 'rounding',              $xml->{arrondi} );
    $self->variable( 'granularity',           $xml->{grain} );

    @s = ( keys %{ $xml->{copie} } );
    for my $student (@s) {
        my $s = $xml->{copie}->{$student};

        if ( $student =~ /^(moyenne|max)$/ ) {
            debug "Skipping student <$student>";
        } elsif ( $student =~ /^[0-9]+$/ ) {
            $self->statement('NEWMark')
              ->execute( $student, 0,
                map { $s->{total}->[0]->{$_} } (qw/total max note/) );

            for my $title ( keys %{ $s->{question} } ) {
                my $q        = $s->{question}->{$title};
                my $question = $self->question_number($title);
                $self->statement('NEWScore')
                  ->execute( $student, 0, $question, $q->{note}, $q->{max},
                    $q->{raison} );
            }

            for my $code ( keys %{ $s->{code} } ) {
                $self->statement('NEWCode')
                  ->execute( $student, 0, $code, $s->{code}->{$code}->{content},
                    DIRECT_MARK );
            }
        } else {
            debug "WARNING: Unknown student <$student> importing XML marks";
        }
        $frac++;
        $self->progression( 'fraction', 0.5 * ( 1 + $frac / ( $#s + 1 ) ) );
    }

    $self->progression('end');
}

# defines all the SQL statements that will be used

sub define_statements {
    my ($self)    = @_;
    my $t_answer  = $self->table("answer");
    my $t_default = $self->table("default");
    my $t_zone = $self->table( "zone", "capture" );
    $self->{statements} = {
        NEWdefault =>
          { sql => "INSERT INTO $t_default" . " (type,strategy) VALUES (?,?)" },
        getDefault =>
          { sql => "SELECT strategy FROM $t_default" . " WHERE type=?" },
        setDefault =>
          { sql => "UPDATE $t_default" . " SET strategy=? WHERE type=?" },
        noDefault => { sql => "UPDATE $t_default" . " SET strategy=''" },
        NEWMain   => {
                sql => "INSERT INTO "
              . $self->table("main")
              . " (student,strategy) VALUES (?,?)"
        },
        getMain => {
                sql => "SELECT strategy FROM "
              . $self->table("main")
              . " WHERE student=?"
        },
        getAllMain => {
                sql => "SELECT strategy FROM "
              . $self->table("main")
              . " WHERE student=? OR student=-1 OR student=0 ORDER BY student"
        },
        setMain => {
                sql => "UPDATE "
              . $self->table("main")
              . " SET strategy=? WHERE student=?"
        },
        NEWTitle => {
                sql => "INSERT INTO "
              . $self->table("title")
              . " (question,title) VALUES (?,?)"
        },
        getTitle => {
                sql => "SELECT title FROM "
              . $self->table("title")
              . " WHERE question=?"
        },
        getQNumber => {
                sql => "SELECT question FROM "
              . $self->table("title")
              . " WHERE title=?"
        },
        getQLike => {
                sql => "SELECT title FROM "
              . $self->table("title")
              . " WHERE title LIKE ?"
        },
        setTitle => {
                sql => "UPDATE "
              . $self->table("title")
              . " SET title=? WHERE question=?"
        },
        NEWQuestion => {
                sql => "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO "
              . $self->table("question")
              . " (student,question,type,indicative,strategy)"
              . " VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)"
        },
        NEWAnswer => {
                sql => "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO "
              . $self->table("answer")
              . " (student,question,answer,correct,strategy)"
              . " VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)"
        },
        setAnswerStrat => {
                sql => "UPDATE "
              . $self->table("answer")
              . " SET strategy=? WHERE student=? AND question=? AND answer=?"
        },
        addAnswerStrat => {
                sql => "UPDATE "
              . $self->table("answer")
              . " SET strategy=strategy||? WHERE student=? AND question=? AND answer=?"
        },
        NEWAlias => {
                sql => "INSERT INTO "
              . $self->table("alias")
              . " (student,see) VALUES (?,?)"
        },
        getAlias => {
                sql => "SELECT see FROM "
              . $self->table("alias")
              . " WHERE student=?"
        },
        postCorrectNew => {
            sql => "CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS"
              . " pc_temp (q INTEGER, a INTEGER, c REAL, PRIMARY KEY(q,a))"
        },
        postCorrectClr => { sql => "DELETE FROM pc_temp" },
        postCorrectPop => {
                sql => "INSERT INTO pc_temp (q,a,c) "
              . " SELECT id_a,id_b,CASE"
              . "   WHEN manual >= 0 THEN manual"
              . "   WHEN total<=0 THEN -1"
              . "   WHEN black >= ? * total AND black <= ? * total THEN 1"
              . "   ELSE 0" . " END"
              . " FROM "
              . $self->table( "zone", "capture" )
              . " WHERE capture_zone.student=? AND capture_zone.copy=? AND capture_zone.type=?"
        },
        postCorrectMul => {
                sql => "UPDATE "
              . $self->table("question")
              . " SET type=CASE"
              . "   WHEN (SELECT sum(c) FROM pc_temp"
              . "          WHERE q=question)>1"
              . "   THEN ?"
              . "   ELSE ?" . " END"
        },
        postCorrectSet => {
                sql => "UPDATE "
              . $self->table("answer")
              . " SET correct=(SELECT c FROM pc_temp"
              . "     WHERE q=question AND a=answer)"
        },
        NEWScore => {
                sql => "INSERT INTO "
              . $self->table("score")
              . " (student,copy,question,score,max,why)"
              . " VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?)"
        },
        cancelScore => {
                sql => "UPDATE "
              . $self->table("score")
              . " SET why=? WHERE student=? AND copy=? AND question=?"
        },
        NEWMark => {
                sql => "INSERT INTO "
              . $self->table("mark")
              . " (student,copy,total,max,mark)"
              . " VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)"
        },
        NEWCode => {
                sql => "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO "
              . $self->table("code")
              . " (student,copy,code,value,direct)"
              . " VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)"
        },

        studentMark => {
                sql => "SELECT * FROM "
              . $self->table("mark")
              . " WHERE student=? AND copy=?"
        },
        marks      => { sql => "SELECT * FROM " . $self->table("mark") },
        marksCount => { sql => "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM " . $self->table("mark") },
        codes      => {
                sql => "SELECT code FROM "
              . $self->table("code")
              . " GROUP BY code ORDER BY code"
        },
        qStrat => {
                sql => "SELECT strategy FROM "
              . $self->table("question")
              . " WHERE student=? AND question=?"
        },
        aStrat => {
                sql => "SELECT strategy FROM "
              . $self->table("answer")
              . " WHERE student=? AND question=? AND answer=?"
        },
        answers => {
                sql => "SELECT answer FROM "
              . $self->table("answer")
              . " WHERE student=? AND question=?"
              . " ORDER BY answer"
        },
        studentQuestions => {
                sql => "SELECT question FROM "
              . $self->table("question")
              . " WHERE student=?"
        },
        questions => {
                sql => "SELECT question,title FROM "
              . $self->table("title")
              . " ORDER BY title"
        },
        qMaxMax => {
                sql => "SELECT MAX(max) FROM "
              . $self->table("score")
              . " WHERE question=?"
        },
        correct => {
                sql => "SELECT correct FROM "
              . $self->table("answer")
              . " WHERE student=? AND question=? AND answer=?"
        },
        correctChars => {
                sql => "SELECT char FROM "
              . " (SELECT answer FROM "
              . $self->table("answer")
              . "  WHERE student=? AND question=? AND correct>0) AS correct,"
              . " (SELECT answer,char FROM "
              . $self->table( "box", "layout" )
              . "  WHERE student=? AND question=? AND role=?) AS char"
              . " ON correct.answer=char.answer ORDER BY correct.answer"
        },
        correctForAll => {
                sql => "SELECT question,answer,"
              . " MIN(correct) AS correct_min,"
              . " MAX(correct) AS correct_max "
              . " FROM "
              . $self->table("answer")
              . " GROUP BY question,answer"
        },
        multiple => {
                sql => "SELECT type FROM "
              . $self->table("question")
              . " WHERE student=? AND question=?"
        },
        indicative => {
                sql => "SELECT indicative FROM "
              . $self->table("question")
              . " WHERE student=? AND question=?"
        },
        numQIndic => {
                sql => "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM"
              . " ( SELECT question FROM "
              . $self->table("question")
              . " WHERE indicatve=? GROUP BY question)"
        },
        oneIndic => {
                sql => "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "
              . $self->table("question")
              . " WHERE question=? AND indicative=?"
        },
        getScore => {
                sql => "SELECT score FROM "
              . $self->table("score")
              . " WHERE student=? AND copy=? AND question=?"
        },
        getScoreC => {
                sql => "SELECT score,max,why FROM "
              . $self->table("score")
              . " WHERE student=? AND copy=? AND question=?"
        },
        getCode => {
                sql => "SELECT value FROM "
              . $self->table("code")
              . " WHERE student=? AND copy=? AND code=?"
        },
        multicodeValues => {
                sql => "SELECT student,copy,code,value FROM "
              . $self->table("code")
              . " WHERE code LIKE ?"
        },
        codesCounts => {
                sql => "SELECT student,copy,value,COUNT(*) as nb"
              . " FROM "
              . $self->table("code")
              . " WHERE code=? GROUP BY value"
        },
        preAssocCounts => {
                sql => "SELECT m.student,m.copy,l.id AS value,COUNT(*) AS nb"
              . " FROM "
              . $self->table("mark") . " AS m"
              . "      , "
              . $self->table( "association", "layout" ) . " AS l"
              . " ON m.student=l.student AND m.copy=0"
              . " GROUP BY l.id"
        },

        avgMark => {
                sql => "SELECT AVG(mark) FROM "
              . $self->table("mark")
              . " WHERE NOT (student=? AND copy=?)"
        },
        avgQuest => {
                sql => "SELECT CASE"
              . " WHEN SUM(max)>0 THEN 100*SUM(score)/SUM(max)"
              . " ELSE '-' END"
              . " FROM "
              . $self->table("score")
              . " WHERE question=?"
              . " AND NOT (student=? AND copy=?)"
        },
        studentAnswersBase => {
                sql => "SELECT question,answer"
              . ",correct,strategy"
              . ",(SELECT CASE"
              . "         WHEN manual >= 0 THEN manual"
              . "         WHEN total<=0 THEN -1"
              . "         WHEN black >= ? * total AND black <= ? * total THEN 1"
              . "         ELSE 0"
              . "  END FROM $t_zone"
              . "  WHERE $t_zone.student=? AND $t_zone.copy=? AND $t_zone.type=?"
              . "        AND $t_zone.id_a=$t_answer.question AND $t_zone.id_b=$t_answer.answer"
              . " ) AS ticked"
              . " FROM "
              . $self->table("answer")
              . " WHERE student=?"
        },
        studentQuestionsBase => {
            sql => "SELECT q.question,q.type,q.indicative,q.strategy,t.title"
              . ",d.strategy AS default_strategy"
              . " FROM "
              . $self->table("question") . " q"
              . " LEFT OUTER JOIN "
              . $self->table("default") . " d"
              . " ON q.type=d.type"
              . " LEFT OUTER JOIN "
              . $self->table("title") . " t"
              . " ON q.question=t.question"
              . " WHERE student=?"
        },
        deleteScores => {
                sql => "DELETE FROM "
              . $self->table('score')
              . " WHERE student=? AND copy=?"
        },
        deleteMarks => {
                sql => "DELETE FROM "
              . $self->table('mark')
              . " WHERE student=? AND copy=?"
        },
        deleteCodes => {
                sql => "DELETE FROM "
              . $self->table('code')
              . " WHERE student=? AND copy=?"
        },
        pagesWhy => {
            sql =>
              "SELECT s.student,s.copy,GROUP_CONCAT(s.why) as why,b.page FROM "
              . $self->table('score') . " s"
              . " JOIN "
              . " ( SELECT student,page,question FROM "
              . $self->table( "box", "layout" )
              . "   WHERE role=?"
              . "   GROUP BY student,page,question )" . " b"
              . " ON s.student=b.student AND s.question=b.question"
              . " GROUP BY s.student,b.page,s.copy"
        },
        clearDirect =>
          { sql => "DELETE FROM " . $self->table("code") . " WHERE direct=?" },

        setExternal => {
                sql => "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO "
              . $self->table("external")
              . " (student,copy,question,score) VALUES (?,?,?,?)"
        },
        getExternal => {
                sql => "SELECT score FROM "
              . $self->table("external")
              . " WHERE student=? AND copy=? AND question=?"
        },
        deleteExternal => {
                sql => "DELETE FROM "
              . $self->table("external")
        },
        nExternal => {
            sql => "SELECT count(*) as n,count(DISTINCT student) as ns"
                . " FROM ".$self->table("external")
        },
        QnAnswers => {
            sql => "SELECT a.question, t.title, MAX(a.answer) as nanswers"
                . " FROM ".$self->table("answer")." AS a"
                . "     ,".$self->table("title")." AS t"
                . " WHERE a.question=t.question"
                . " GROUP BY a.question"
        },
        QfirstStudent => {
            sql => "SELECT MIN(student)"
                . " FROM ".$self->table("question")
                . " WHERE question=?"
        },
        Qall => {
            sql => "SELECT type,indicative,strategy"
                . " FROM ".$self->table("question")
                . " WHERE student=? AND question=?"
        },
        Ainfo => {
            sql => "SELECT answer,correct,strategy"
                . " FROM ".$self->table("answer")
                . " WHERE student=? AND question=?"
                . " ORDER BY answer"
        },
    };
}

# page_why() returns a list of items like
# {student=>1,copy=>0,page=>1,why=>',V,E,,'}
# that collects all 'why' attributes for questions that are on each page.

sub pages_why {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return (
        @{
            $self->dbh->selectall_arrayref(
                $self->statement('pagesWhy'), { Slice => {} },
                BOX_ROLE_ANSWER
            )
        }
    );
}

# default_strategy($type) returns the default scoring strategy string
# to be used for questions with type $type (QUESTION_SIMPLE or
# QUESTION_MULT).
#
# default_strategy($type,$strategy) sets the default strategy string
# for questions with type $type.

sub default_strategy {
    my ( $self, $type, $strategy ) = @_;
    if ( defined($strategy) ) {
        $self->statement('setDefault')->execute( $strategy, $type );
    } else {
        return ( $self->sql_single( $self->statement('getDefault'), $type ) );
    }
}

# main_strategy($student) returns the main scoring strategy string for
# student $student. If $student<=0 (-1 in the database), this refers
# to the argument of the \scoring command used outside the
# onecopy/examcopy loop. If $student>0, this refers to the argument of
# the \scoring command used inside the onecopy/examcopy loop, but
# outside question/questionmult environments.
#
# main_strategy($student,$strategy) sets the main scoring strategy
# string.

sub main_strategy {
    my ( $self, $student, $strategy ) = @_;
    $student = -1 if ( $student <= 0 );
    if ( defined($strategy) ) {
        if ( defined( $self->main_strategy($student) ) ) {
            $self->statement('setMain')->execute( $strategy, $student );
        } else {
            $self->statement('NEWMain')->execute( $student, $strategy );
        }
    } else {
        return ( $self->sql_single( $self->statement('getMain'), $student ) );
    }
}

#add_main_strategy($student,$strategy) adds the strategy string at the
#end of the student's main strategy string.

sub add_main_strategy {
    my ( $self, $student, $strategy ) = @_;
    $student = -1 if ( $student <= 0 );
    my $old = $self->main_strategy($student);
    if ( defined($old) ) {
        $self->statement('setMain')
          ->execute( $old . ',' . $strategy, $student );
    } else {
        $self->statement('NEWMain')->execute( $student, $strategy );
    }
}

# main_strategy_all($student) returns a concatenation of the the main
# strategies for student=-1, student=0 and student=$student.

sub main_strategy_all {
    my ( $self, $student ) = @_;
    return (
        join(
            ',', $self->sql_list( $self->statement('getAllMain'), $student )
        )
    );
}

# new_question($student,$question,$type,$indicative,$strategy) adds a
# question in the database, giving its characteristics. If the
# question already exists, it is updated with no error.

sub new_question {
    my ( $self, $student, $question, $type, $indicative, $strategy ) = @_;
    $self->statement('NEWQuestion')
      ->execute( $student, $question, $type, $indicative, $strategy );
}

# question_strategy($student,$question) returns the scoring strategy
# string for a particlar question: argument of the \scoring command
# used inside a question/questionmult environment, before the
# \correctchoice and \wrongchoice commands.

sub question_strategy {
    my ( $self, $student, $question ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->sql_single( $self->statement('qStrat'), $student, $question ) );
}

# new_answer($student,$question,$answer,$correct,$strategy) adds an
# answer in the database, giving its characteristics. If the answer
# already exists, it is updated with no error.

sub new_answer {
    my ( $self, $student, $question, $answer, $correct, $strategy ) = @_;
    $self->statement('NEWAnswer')
      ->execute( $student, $question, $answer, $correct, $strategy );
}

# answer_strategy($student,$question,$answer) returns the scoring
# strategy string for a particular answer: argument of the \scoring
# command used after \correctchoice and \wrongchoice commands.

sub answer_strategy {
    my ( $self, $student, $question, $answer ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->sql_single(
            $self->statement('aStrat'),
            $student, $question, $answer
        )
    );
}

# answers($student,$question) returns an ordered list of answers
# numbers for a particular question. Answer number 0, placed at the
# end, corresponds to the answer "None of the above", when present.

sub answers {
    my ( $self, $student, $question ) = @_;
    my @a = $self->sql_list( $self->statement('answers'), $student, $question );
    if ( $a[0] == 0 ) {
        shift @a;
        push @a, 0;
    }
    return (@a);
}

# correct_answer($student,$question,$answer) returns 1 if the
# corresponding box has to be ticked (the answer is a correct one),
# and 0 if not.

sub correct_answer {
    my ( $self, $student, $question, $answer ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->sql_single(
            $self->statement('correct'),
            $student, $question, $answer
        )
    );
}

# correct_chars($student,$question) returns the list of the chars
# written inside (or beside) the boxes corresponding to correct
# answers for a particular question

sub correct_chars {
    my ( $self, $student, $question ) = @_;
    $self->{data}->require_module('layout');
    return (
        $self->sql_list(
            $self->statement('correctChars'), $student,
            $question,                        $student,
            $question,                        BOX_ROLE_ANSWER
        )
    );
}

# Same as correct_chars, but paste the chars if they all exist, and
# return undef otherwise

sub correct_chars_pasted {
    my ( $self, @args ) = @_;
    my @c = $self->correct_chars(@args);
    if ( grep { !defined($_) } @c ) {
        return (undef);
    } else {
        return ( join( "", @c ) );
    }
}

# correct_for_all() returns a reference to an array like
#
# [{question=>1,answer=>1,correct_min=>0,correct_max=>0},
#  {question=>1,answer=>2,correct_min=>1,correct_max=>1},
# ]
#
# This gives, for each question/answer, the minumum and maximum of the
# <correct> column for all students. Usualy, minimum and maximum are
# equal because the answer is either correct for all students either
# not correct for all students, but one can also encounter
# correct_min=0 and correct_max=1, in situations where the answers are
# not the same for all students (for example for questions with random
# numerical values).

sub correct_for_all {
    my ( $self, $question, $answer ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->dbh->selectall_arrayref(
            $self->statement('correctForAll'),
            { Slice => {} }
        )
    );
}

# multiple($student,$question) returns 1 if the corresponding
# question is multiple (type=QUESTION_MULT), and 0 if not.

sub multiple {
    my ( $self, $student, $question ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->sql_single( $self->statement('multiple'), $student, $question )
          == QUESTION_MULT );
}

# correct_answer($student,$question) returns 1 if the corresponding
# question is indicative (use of \QuestionIndicative), and 0 if not.

sub indicative {
    my ( $self, $student, $question ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->sql_single(
            $self->statement('indicative'), $student, $question
        )
    );
}

# one_indicative($question,$indic) returns the number of students for
# which the question has indicative=$indic. In fact, a single question
# SHOULD be indicative for all students, or for none...

sub one_indicative {
    my ( $self, $question, $indic ) = @_;
    $indic = 1 if ( !defined($indic) );
    return (
        $self->sql_single( $self->statement('oneIndic'), $question, $indic ) );
}

# num_questions_indic($i) returns the number of questions that have
# indicative=$i ($i is 0 or 1).

sub num_questions_indic {
    my ( $self, $indicative ) = @_;
    return ( $self->sql_single( $self->statement('numQIndic'), $indicative ) );
}

# question_title($question) returns a question title.
#
# question_title($question,$title) sets a question title.

sub question_title {
    my ( $self, $question, $title ) = @_;
    if ( defined($title) ) {
        if ( defined( $self->question_title($question) ) ) {
            $self->statement('setTitle')->execute( $title, $question );
        } else {
            $self->statement('NEWTitle')->execute( $question, $title );
        }
    } else {
        return ( $self->sql_single( $self->statement('getTitle'), $question ) );
    }
}

# question_number($title) returns the question number corresponding to
# the given title.

sub question_number {
    my ( $self, $title ) = @_;
    return ( $self->sql_single( $self->statement('getQNumber'), $title ) );
}

# multicode_registered($code_base) returns TRUE if a multicode is
# registered in curent scoring.

sub multicode_registered {
    my ( $self, $code_base, $code_digit_pattern ) = @_;
    $code_digit_pattern = '.*' if ( !$code_digit_pattern );
    my @titles = grep { /^$code_base\*[0-9]+$code_digit_pattern$/ } (
        @{
            $self->dbh->selectcol_arrayref( $self->statement('getQLike'),
                {}, $code_base . '*%' )
        }
    );
    return ( 0 + @titles );
}

# question_maxmax($question) returns the maximum of the max value for
# question $question accross all students sheets

sub question_maxmax {
    my ( $self, $question ) = @_;
    return ( $self->sql_single( $self->statement('qMaxMax'), $question ) );
}

# clear_strategy clears all data concerning the scoring strategy of
# the exam.

sub clear_strategy {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->clear_variables;
    $self->statement('noDefault')->execute;
    for my $t (qw/title main question answer alias/) {
        $self->sql_do( "DELETE FROM " . $self->table($t) );
    }
}

# clear_score clears all data concerning the scores/marks of the
# students.

sub clear_score {
    my ($self) = @_;
    for my $t (qw/score mark/) {
        $self->sql_do( "DELETE FROM " . $self->table($t) );
    }
    $self->clear_code_direct(DIRECT_MARK);
}

sub clear_code_direct {
    my ( $self, $category ) = @_;
    $self->statement('clearDirect')->execute($category);
}

# set_answer_strategy($student,$question,$answer,$strategy) sets the
# scoring strategy string associated to a particular answer.

sub set_answer_strategy {
    my ( $self, $student, $question, $answer, $strategy ) = @_;
    $self->statement('setAnswerStrat')
      ->execute( $strategy, $student, $question, $answer );
}

# add_answer_strategy($student,$question,$answer,$strategy) adds the
# scoring strategy string to a particular answer's one.

sub add_answer_strategy {
    my ( $self, $student, $question, $answer, $strategy ) = @_;
    $self->statement('addAnswerStrat')
      ->execute( "," . $strategy, $student, $question, $answer );
}

# replicate($see,$student) tells that the scoring strategy used for
# student $see has to be also used for student $student. This can be
# used only when the questions/answers are not different from a sheet
# to another (contrary to the use of random numerical values for
# exemple).

sub replicate {
    my ( $self, $see, $student ) = @_;
    $self->statement('NEWAlias')->execute( $student, $see );
}

# unalias($student) gives the student number where to find scoring
# strategy for student $student (following a replicate path if
# present -- see previous method).

sub unalias {
    my ( $self, $student ) = @_;
    my $s = $student;
    do {
        $student = $s;
        $s       = $self->sql_single( $self->statement('getAlias'), $student );
    } while ( defined($s) );
    return ($student);
}

# postcorrect($student,$copy,$darkness_threshold,$darkness_threshold_up,$set_multiple)
# uses the ticked values from the copy ($student,$copy) (filled by a
# teacher) to determine which answers are correct for all sheets. This
# can be used only when the questions/answers are not different from a
# sheet to another (contrary to the use of random numerical values for
# exemple).
#
# If $set_multiple is true, postcorrect also sets the type of all
# questions for which 2 or more answers are ticked on the
# ($student,$copy) answer sheet to be QUESTION_MULT, ans the type of
# all other questions to QUESTION_SIMPLE.

sub postcorrect {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy,
        $darkness_threshold, $darkness_threshold_up, $set_multiple )
      = @_;
    die "Missing parameters in postcorrect call"
      if ( !defined($darkness_threshold_up) );
    $self->{data}->require_module('capture');
    $self->statement('postCorrectNew')->execute();
    $self->statement('postCorrectClr')->execute();
    $self->statement('postCorrectPop')
      ->execute( $darkness_threshold, $darkness_threshold_up, $student, $copy,
        ZONE_BOX );
    $self->statement('postCorrectMul')
      ->execute( QUESTION_MULT, QUESTION_SIMPLE )
      if ($set_multiple);
    $self->statement('postCorrectSet')->execute();
}

# new_score($student,$copy,$question,$score,$score_max,$why) adds a
# question score row.

sub new_score {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy, $question, $score, $score_max, $why ) = @_;
    $self->statement('NEWScore')
      ->execute( $student, $copy, $question, $score, $score_max, $why );
}

# cancel_score($student,$copy,$question) cancels scoring (sets the
# score and maximum score to zero) for this question.

sub cancel_score {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy, $question ) = @_;
    $self->statement('cancelScore')->execute( 'C', $student, $copy, $question );
}

# new_mark($student,$copy,$total,$max,$mark) adds a mark row.

sub new_mark {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy, $total, $max, $mark ) = @_;
    $self->statement('NEWMark')
      ->execute( $student, $copy, $total, $max, $mark );
}

# new_code($student,$copy,$code,$value) adds a code row.

sub new_code {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy, $code, $value, $direct ) = @_;
    $direct = 0 if ( !$direct );
    $self->statement('NEWCode')
      ->execute( $student, $copy, $code, $value, $direct );
}

# student_questions($student) returns a list of the question numbers
# used in the sheets for student number $student.

sub student_questions {
    my ( $self, $student ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->sql_list( $self->statement('studentQuestions'), $student ) );
}

# questions returns an array of pointers (one for each question) to
# hashes (question=><question_number>,title=>'question_title').

sub questions {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return (
        @{
            $self->dbh->selectall_arrayref( $self->statement('questions'),
                { Slice => {} } )
        }
    );
}

# average_mark returns the average mark from all students marks.

sub average_mark {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my @pc = $self->postcorrect_sc;
    return ( $self->sql_single( $self->statement('avgMark'), @pc ) );
}

# codes returns a list of codes names.

sub codes {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return ( $self->sql_list( $self->statement('codes') ) );
}

# marks returns a pointer to an array of pointers (one for each
# student) to hashes giving all information from the mark table.

sub marks {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return (
        @{
            $self->dbh->selectall_arrayref( $self->statement('marks'),
                { Slice => {} } )
        }
    );
}

# marks_count returns the nmber of marks computed.

sub marks_count {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return ( $self->sql_single( $self->statement('marksCount') ) );
}

# question_score($student,$copy,$question) returns the score of a
# particular student for a particular question.

sub question_score {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy, $question ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->sql_single(
            $self->statement('getScore'),
            $student, $copy, $question
        )
    );
}

# question_result($student,$copy,$question) returns a pointer to a
# hash (score=>XXX,max=>XXX,why=>XXX) extracted from the
# question table.

sub question_result {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy, $question ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->sql_row_hashref(
            $self->statement('getScoreC'),
            $student, $copy, $question
        )
    );
}

# student_code($student,$copy,$code) returns the value of the code
# named $code entered by a particular student.

sub student_code {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy, $code ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->sql_single(
            $self->statement('getCode'), $student, $copy, $code
        )
    );
}

# multicode_values($code_base) returns a list of code $code_base*NN (codes derivated
# from the multi code option) values for all the different students

sub multicode_values {
    my ( $self, $code_base ) = @_;
    return (
        grep { $_->{code} =~ /^$code_base\*[0-9]+$/ }
        @{
            $self->dbh->selectall_arrayref(
                $self->statement('multicodeValues'), { Slice => {} },
                $code_base.'*%'
            )
        }
    );
}

# postcorrect_sc returns (postcorrect_student,postcorrect_copy), or
# (0,0) if not in postcorrect mode.

sub postcorrect_sc {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return (
        $self->variable('postcorrect_student') || 0,
        $self->variable('postcorrect_copy') || 0
    );
}

# question_average($question) returns the average (as a percentage of
# the maximum score, from 0 to 100) of the scores for a particular
# question.

sub question_average {
    my ( $self, $question ) = @_;
    my @pc = $self->postcorrect_sc;
    return (
        $self->sql_single( $self->statement('avgQuest'), $question, @pc ) );
}

# student_global($student,$copy) returns a pointer to a hash
# (student=>XXX,copy=>XXX,total=>XXX,max=>XXX,mark=>XXX)
# extracted from the mark table.

sub student_global {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy ) = @_;
    my $sth = $self->statement('studentMark');
    $sth->execute( $student, $copy );
    return ( $sth->fetchrow_hashref );
}

# student_scoring_base($student,$copy,$darkness_threshold,$darkness_threshold_up)
# returns useful data to compute questions scores for a particular
# student (identified by $student and $copy), as a reference to a hash
# grouping questions and answers. For exemple :
#
# 'main_strategy'=>"",
# 'questions'=>
# { 1 =>{ question=>1,
#         'title' => 'questionID',
#         'type'=>1,
#         'indicative'=>0,
#         'strategy'=>'',
#         'external'=>1.5,
#         'answers'=>[ { question=>1, answer=>1,
#                        correct=>1, ticked=>0, strategy=>"b=2" },
#                      {question=>1, answer=>2,
#                        correct=>0, ticked=>0, strategy=>"" },
#                    ],
#       },
#  ...
# }

sub student_scoring_base {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy, $darkness_threshold, $darkness_threshold_up )
      = @_;
    die "Missing parameters in student_scoring_base call"
      if ( !defined($darkness_threshold_up) );
    $self->{data}->require_module('capture');
    my $student_strategy = $self->unalias($student);
    my $r                = {
        student_alias => $student_strategy,
        questions     => {},
        main_strategy => $self->main_strategy_all($student_strategy)
    };
    my @sid = ($student);
    push @sid, $student_strategy if ( $student != $student_strategy );
    for my $s (@sid) {
        my $sth;
        $sth = $self->statement('studentQuestionsBase');
        $sth->execute($s);
        while ( my $qa = $sth->fetchrow_hashref ) {
            $self->add_question_external_score( $student, $copy, $qa );
            $r->{questions}->{ $qa->{question} } = $qa;
        }
        $sth = $self->statement('studentAnswersBase');
        $sth->execute( $darkness_threshold, $darkness_threshold_up,
            $student, $copy, ZONE_BOX, $s );
        while ( my $qa = $sth->fetchrow_hashref ) {
            push @{ $r->{questions}->{ $qa->{question} }->{answers} }, $qa;
        }
    }
    return ($r);
}

# student_scoring_base_sorted(...) organizes the data from
# student_scoring_base to get sorted questions, relative to their IDs
# (lexicographic order)
#
# 'main_strategy'=>"",
# 'questions'=>
# [ { question=>1,
#     'title' => 'questionID',
#     'type'=>1,
#     'indicative'=>0,
#     'strategy'=>'',
#     'answers'=>[ { question=>1, answer=>1,
#                    'correct'=>1, ticked=>0, strategy=>"b=2" },
#                  {question=>1, answer=>2,
#                    'correct'=>0, ticked=>0, strategy=>"" },
#                ],
#   },
#  ...
# ]

sub student_scoring_base_sorted {
    my ( $self, @args ) = @_;

    my $ssb = $self->student_scoring_base(@args);
    my @n   = sort {
        $ssb->{questions}->{$a}->{title}
          cmp $ssb->{questions}->{$b}->{title}
    } ( keys %{ $ssb->{questions} } );
    my $sorted_q = [ map { $ssb->{questions}->{$_} } (@n) ];
    $ssb->{questions} = $sorted_q;

    return ($ssb);
}

# delete_scoring_data($student,$copy) deletes all scoring data
# relative to a particular answer sheet.

sub delete_scoring_data {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy ) = @_;
    for my $part (qw/Scores Marks Codes/) {
        $self->statement( 'delete' . $part )->execute( $student, $copy );
    }
}

# set_external_score($student, $copy, $question, $score) sets a score
# to a particular question, from external data.

sub set_external_score {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy, $question, $score ) = @_;
    $self->statement('setExternal')
      ->execute( $student, $copy, $question, $score );
}

# get_external_score($student, $copy, $question) gets the external
# score associated with a particular question.

sub get_external_score {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy, $question ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->sql_single(
            $self->statement('getExternal'),
            $student, $copy, $question
        )
    );
}

# n_external() returns an array containing the number of external
# scores, and the number of students with external scores.

sub n_external {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return (
        @{
            $self->dbh->selectall_arrayref( $self->statement('nExternal'), {} )
              ->[0]
        }
    );
}

# delete_external() deletes all external scoring data

sub delete_external {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->statement('deleteExternal')->execute();
}

# forget_marks() deletes all scoring data from all students

sub forget_marks {
    my ($self) = @_;
    for my $t (qw/mark code score external/) {
        $self->sql_do("DELETE FROM ".$self->table($t));
    }
}

# add_question_external_score($q) adds the external score to a
# question hashref

sub add_question_external_score {
    my ( $self, $student, $copy, $q ) = @_;
    my $x = $self->get_external_score( $student, $copy, $q->{question} );
    if ( defined($x) && $x ne '' ) {
        $q->{external} = $x;
    }
}

# questions_n_answers returns an array of hashrefs with, for each
# question, the question number ({question}), the question id
# ({title}) and the maximum number of answers ({nanswers}, not
# counting the "None of the above")

sub questions_n_answers {
    my ( $self ) = @_;
    return (
        @{
            $self->dbh->selectall_arrayref(
                $self->statement('QnAnswers'), { Slice => {} },
            )
        }
    );
}

# question_first_student(qid) returns the first student number that
# includes this question

sub question_first_student {
    my ( $self, $question ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->sql_single( $self->statement('QfirstStudent'), $question )
    );
}

# question_info($student,$question) returns type, indicative, strategy
# for one particular question.

sub question_info {
    my ( $self, $student, $question ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->dbh->selectrow_array( $self->statement('Qall'), {},
            $student, $question )
    );
}

# answers_info($student, $question) returns an arrayref to hashrefs
# with info (answer, correct, strategy) for each answer corresponding
# to a particular question.

sub answers_info {
    my ( $self, $student, $question ) = @_;
    return (
        $self->dbh->selectall_arrayref(
            $self->statement('Ainfo'),
            { Slice => {} },
            $student, $question
        )
    );
}

1;
