MANDOC_CHAR(7) | NetBSD Miscellaneous Information Manual | MANDOC_CHAR(7) |
Both mdoc(7) and man(7) encode special characters with ‘\X' (for a one-character escape), ‘\(XX' (two-character), and ‘\[N]' (N-character). One may generalise ‘\(XX' as ‘\[XX]' and ‘\X' as ‘\[X]'. Predefined strings are functionally similar to special characters, using ‘\*X' (for a one-character escape), ‘\*(XX' (two-character), and ‘\*[N]' (N-character). One may generalise ‘\*(XX' as ‘\*[XX]' and ‘\*X' as ‘\*[X]'.
Note that each output mode will have a different rendering of the characters. It's guaranteed that each input symbol will correspond to a (more or less) meaningful output rendering, regardless the mode.
Spacing:
Input | Description |
\~ | non-breaking, non-collapsing space |
\ | breaking, non-collapsing n-width space |
\^ | zero-width space |
\% | zero-width space |
\& | zero-width space |
\| | zero-width space |
\0 | breaking, non-collapsing digit-width space |
\c | removes any trailing space (if applicable) |
Lines:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(ba | | | bar |
\(br | │ | box rule |
\(ul | _ | underscore |
\(rl | ‾ | overline |
\(bb | ¦ | broken bar |
\(sl | / | forward slash |
\(rs | \ | backward slash |
Text markers:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(ci | ○ | circle |
\(bu | • | bullet |
\(dd | ‡ | double dagger |
\(dg | † | dagger |
\(lz | ◊ | lozenge |
\(sq | □ | white square |
\(ps | ¶ | paragraph |
\(sc | § | section |
\(lh | ☜ | left hand |
\(rh | ☞ | right hand |
\(at | @ | at |
\(sh | # | hash (pound) |
\(CR | ↵ | carriage return |
\(OK | ✓ | check mark |
Legal symbols:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(co | © | copyright |
\(rg | ® | registered |
\(tm | ™ | trademarked |
Punctuation:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(em | — | em-dash |
\(en | – | en-dash |
\(hy | ‐ | hyphen |
\e | \ | back-slash |
\. | . | period |
\(r! | ¡ | upside-down exclamation |
\(r? | ¿ | upside-down question |
Quotes:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(Bq | „ | right low double-quote |
\(bq | ‚ | right low single-quote |
\(lq | “ | left double-quote |
\(rq | ” | right double-quote |
\(oq | ‘ | left single-quote |
\(cq | ’ | right single-quote |
\(aq | ' | apostrophe quote (text) |
\(dq | " | double quote (text) |
\(Fo | « | left guillemet |
\(Fc | » | right guillemet |
\(fo | ‹ | left single guillemet |
\(fc | › | right single guillemet |
Brackets:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(lB | [ | left bracket |
\(rB | ] | right bracket |
\(lC | { | left brace |
\(rC | } | right brace |
\(la | < | left angle |
\(ra | > | right angle |
\(bv | ⎪ | brace extension |
\[braceex] | ⎪ | brace extension |
\[bracketlefttp] | ⎡ | top-left hooked bracket |
\[bracketleftbp] | ⎣ | bottom-left hooked bracket |
\[bracketleftex] | ⎢ | left hooked bracket extension |
\[bracketrighttp] | ⎤ | top-right hooked bracket |
\[bracketrightbp] | ⎦ | bottom-right hooked bracket |
\[bracketrightex] | ⎥ | right hooked bracket extension |
\(lt | ⎧ | top-left hooked brace |
\[bracelefttp] | ⎧ | top-left hooked brace |
\(lk | ⎨ | mid-left hooked brace |
\[braceleftmid] | ⎨ | mid-left hooked brace |
\(lb | ⎩ | bottom-left hooked brace |
\[braceleftbp] | ⎩ | bottom-left hooked brace |
\[braceleftex] | ⎪ | left hooked brace extension |
\(rt | ⎫ | top-left hooked brace |
\[bracerighttp] | ⎫ | top-right hooked brace |
\(rk | ⎬ | mid-right hooked brace |
\[bracerightmid] | ⎬ | mid-right hooked brace |
\(rb | ⎭ | bottom-right hooked brace |
\[bracerightbp] | ⎭ | bottom-right hooked brace |
\[bracerightex] | ⎪ | right hooked brace extension |
\[parenlefttp] | ⎛ | top-left hooked parenthesis |
\[parenleftbp] | ⎝ | bottom-left hooked parenthesis |
\[parenleftex] | ⎜ | left hooked parenthesis extension |
\[parenrighttp] | ⎞ | top-right hooked parenthesis |
\[parenrightbp] | ⎠ | bottom-right hooked parenthesis |
\[parenrightex] | ⎟ | right hooked parenthesis extension |
Arrows:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(<- | ← | left arrow |
\(-> | → | right arrow |
\(<> | ↔ | left-right arrow |
\(da | ↓ | down arrow |
\(ua | ↑ | up arrow |
\(va | ↕ | up-down arrow |
\(lA | ⇐ | left double-arrow |
\(rA | ⇒ | right double-arrow |
\(hA | ⇔ | left-right double-arrow |
\(uA | ⇑ | up double-arrow |
\(dA | ⇓ | down double-arrow |
\(vA | ⇕ | up-down double-arrow |
Logical:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(AN | ∧ | logical and |
\(OR | ∨ | logical or |
\(no | ¬ | logical not |
\[tno] | ¬ | logical not (text) |
\(te | ∃ | existential quantifier |
\(fa | ∀ | universal quantifier |
\(st | ∋ | such that |
\(tf | ∴ | therefore |
\(3d | ∴ | therefore |
\(or | | | bitwise or |
Mathematical:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(pl | + | plus |
\(mi | − | minus |
\- | - | minus (text) |
\(-+ | ∓ | minus-plus |
\(+- | ± | plus-minus |
\[t+-] | ± | plus-minus (text) |
\(pc | · | centre-dot |
\(mu | × | multiply |
\[tmu] | × | multiply (text) |
\(c* | ⊗ | circle-multiply |
\(c+ | ⊕ | circle-plus |
\(di | ÷ | divide |
\[tdi] | ÷ | divide (text) |
\(f/ | ⁄ | fraction |
\(** | ∗ | asterisk |
\(<= | ≤ | less-than-equal |
\(>= | ≥ | greater-than-equal |
\(<< | ≪ | much less |
\(>> | ≫ | much greater |
\(eq | = | equal |
\(!= | ≠ | not equal |
\(== | ≡ | equivalent |
\(ne | ≢ | not equivalent |
\(=~ | ≅ | congruent |
\(-~ | ≃ | asymptotically congruent |
\(ap | ∼ | asymptotically similar |
\(~~ | ≈ | approximately similar |
\(~= | ≌ | approximately equal |
\(pt | ∝ | proportionate |
\(es | ∅ | empty set |
\(mo | ∈ | element |
\(nm | ∉ | not element |
\(sb | ⊂ | proper subset |
\(nb | ⊄ | not subset |
\(sp | ⊃ | proper superset |
\(nc | ⊅ | not superset |
\(ib | ⊆ | reflexive subset |
\(ip | ⊇ | reflexive superset |
\(ca | ∩ | intersection |
\(cu | ∪ | union |
\(/_ | ∠ | angle |
\(pp | ⊥ | perpendicular |
\(is | ∫ | integral |
\[integral] | ∫ | integral |
\[sum] | ∑ | summation |
\[product] | ∏ | product |
\[coproduct] | ∐ | coproduct |
\(gr | ∇ | gradient |
\(sr | √ | square root |
\[sqrt] | √ | square root |
\(lc | ⌈ | left-ceiling |
\(rc | ⌉ | right-ceiling |
\(lf | ⌊ | left-floor |
\(rf | ⌋ | right-floor |
\(if | ∞ | infinity |
\(Ah | ℵ | aleph |
\(Im | ℑ | imaginary |
\(Re | ℜ | real |
\(pd | ∂ | partial differential |
\(-h | ℏ | Planck constant over 2π |
Ligatures:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(ff | ff | ff ligature |
\(fi | fi | fi ligature |
\(fl | fl | fl ligature |
\(Fi | ffi | ffi ligature |
\(Fl | ffl | ffl ligature |
\(AE | Æ | AE |
\(ae | æ | ae |
\(OE | Œ | OE |
\(oe | œ | oe |
\(ss | ß | German eszett |
\(IJ | IJ | IJ ligature |
\(ij | ij | ij ligature |
Accents:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(a" | ̋ | Hungarian umlaut |
\(a- | ¯ | macron |
\(a. | ˙ | dotted |
\(a^ | ̂ | circumflex |
\(aa | ́ | acute |
\' | ́ | acute |
\(ga | ̀ | grave |
\` | ̀ | grave |
\(ab | ̆ | breve |
\(ac | ̧ | cedilla |
\(ad | ̈ | dieresis |
\(ah | ˇ | caron |
\(ao | ˚ | ring |
\(a~ | ̃ | tilde |
\(ho | ̨ | ogonek |
\(ha | ^ | hat (text) |
\(ti | ~ | tilde (text) |
Accented letters:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\('A | Á | acute A |
\('E | É | acute E |
\('I | Í | acute I |
\('O | Ó | acute O |
\('U | Ú | acute U |
\('a | á | acute a |
\('e | é | acute e |
\('i | í | acute i |
\('o | ó | acute o |
\('u | ú | acute u |
\(`A | À | grave A |
\(`E | È | grave E |
\(`I | Ì | grave I |
\(`O | Ò | grave O |
\(`U | Ù | grave U |
\(`a | à | grave a |
\(`e | è | grave e |
\(`i | ì | grave i |
\(`o | ì | grave o |
\(`u | ù | grave u |
\(~A | Ã | tilde A |
\(~N | Ñ | tilde N |
\(~O | Õ | tilde O |
\(~a | ã | tilde a |
\(~n | ñ | tilde n |
\(~o | õ | tilde o |
\(:A | Ä | dieresis A |
\(:E | Ë | dieresis E |
\(:I | Ï | dieresis I |
\(:O | Ö | dieresis O |
\(:U | Ü | dieresis U |
\(:a | ä | dieresis a |
\(:e | ë | dieresis e |
\(:i | ï | dieresis i |
\(:o | ö | dieresis o |
\(:u | ü | dieresis u |
\(:y | ÿ | dieresis y |
\(^A | Â | circumflex A |
\(^E | Ê | circumflex E |
\(^I | Î | circumflex I |
\(^O | Ô | circumflex O |
\(^U | Û | circumflex U |
\(^a | â | circumflex a |
\(^e | ê | circumflex e |
\(^i | î | circumflex i |
\(^o | ô | circumflex o |
\(^u | û | circumflex u |
\(,C | Ç | cedilla C |
\(,c | ç | cedilla c |
\(/L | Ł | stroke L |
\(/l | ł | stroke l |
\(/O | Ø | stroke O |
\(/o | ø | stroke o |
\(oA | Å | ring A |
\(oa | å | ring a |
Special letters:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(-D | Ð | Eth |
\(Sd | ð | eth |
\(TP | Þ | Thorn |
\(Tp | þ | thorn |
\(.i | ı | dotless i |
\(.j | ȷ | dotless j |
Currency:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(Do | $ | dollar |
\(ct | ¢ | cent |
\(Eu | € | Euro symbol |
\(eu | € | Euro symbol |
\(Ye | ¥ | yen |
\(Po | £ | pound |
\(Cs | ¤ | Scandinavian |
\(Fn | ƒ | florin |
Units:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(de | ° | degree |
\(%0 | ‰ | per-thousand |
\(fm | ′ | minute |
\(sd | ″ | second |
\(mc | µ | micro |
Greek letters:
Input | Rendered | Description |
\(*A | Α | Alpha |
\(*B | Β | Beta |
\(*G | Γ | Gamma |
\(*D | Δ | Delta |
\(*E | Ε | Epsilon |
\(*Z | Ζ | Zeta |
\(*Y | Η | Eta |
\(*H | Θ | Theta |
\(*I | Ι | Iota |
\(*K | Κ | Kappa |
\(*L | Λ | Lambda |
\(*M | Μ | Mu |
\(*N | Ν | Nu |
\(*C | Ξ | Xi |
\(*O | Ο | Omicron |
\(*P | Π | Pi |
\(*R | Ρ | Rho |
\(*S | Σ | Sigma |
\(*T | Τ | Tau |
\(*U | Υ | Upsilon |
\(*F | Φ | Phi |
\(*X | Χ | Chi |
\(*Q | Ψ | Psi |
\(*W | Ω | Omega |
\(*a | α | alpha |
\(*b | β | beta |
\(*g | γ | gamma |
\(*d | δ | delta |
\(*e | ε | epsilon |
\(*z | ζ | zeta |
\(*y | η | eta |
\(*h | θ | theta |
\(*i | ι | iota |
\(*k | κ | kappa |
\(*l | λ | lambda |
\(*m | μ | mu |
\(*n | ν | nu |
\(*c | ξ | xi |
\(*o | ο | omicron |
\(*p | π | pi |
\(*r | ρ | rho |
\(*s | σ | sigma |
\(*t | τ | tau |
\(*u | υ | upsilon |
\(*f | ϕ | phi |
\(*x | χ | chi |
\(*q | ψ | psi |
\(*w | ω | omega |
\(+h | ϑ | theta variant |
\(+f | φ | phi variant |
\(+p | ϖ | pi variant |
\(+e | ϵ | epsilon variant |
\(ts | ς | sigma terminal |
Input | Rendered | Description |
\*(Ba | | | vertical bar |
\*(Ne | ≠ | not equal |
\*(Ge | ≥ | greater-than-equal |
\*(Le | ≤ | less-than-equal |
\*(Gt | > | greater-than |
\*(Lt | < | less-than |
\*(Pm | ± | plus-minus |
\*(If | infinity | infinity |
\*(Pi | π | pi |
\*(Na | NaN | NaN |
\*(Am | & | ampersand |
\*R | ® | restricted mark |
\*(Tm | ™ | trade mark |
\*q | " | double-quote |
\*(Rq | ” | right-double-quote |
\*(Lq | “ | left-double-quote |
\*(lp | ( | right-parenthesis |
\*(rp | ) | left-parenthesis |
\*(lq | “ | left double-quote |
\*(rq | ” | right double-quote |
\*(ua | ↑ | up arrow |
\*(va | ↕ | up-down arrow |
\*(<= | ≤ | less-than-equal |
\*(>= | ≥ | greater-than-equal |
\*(aa | ́ | acute |
\*(ga | ̀ | grave |
\N'number'
escape sequence, inserting the character number from the current character set into the output. Of course, this is inherently non-portable and is already marked as deprecated in the Heirloom roff manual. For example, do not use \N'34', use \(dq, or even the plain ‘"' character where possible.
February 9, 2011 | NetBSD 5.99 |