r.out.pov(1)

NAME
r.out.pov - Converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for POV-Ray.

KEYWORDS
raster, export, output

SYNOPSIS
r.out.pov
r.out.pov --help
r.out.pov input=name output=name [hftype=integer] [bias=float] [scale=float] [--overwrite] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]

  Flags:

--overwrite
    Allow output files to overwrite existing files

--help
    Print usage summary

--verbose
    Verbose module output

--quiet
    Quiet module output

--ui
    Force launching GUI dialog

  Parameters:

input=name [required]
    Name of input raster map

output=name [required]
    Name of output povray file (TGA height field file)

hftype=integer
    Height-field type (0=actual heights 1=normalized)

bias=float
    Elevation bias

scale=float
    Vertical scaling factor

DESCRIPTION
r.out.pov converts a user-specified raster map layer (map==name) into a height-field file for POVray (tga==name). The hftype==value option (where value is either 0 or 1) specifies the height-field type. When the user enters 0 the output will be actual heights. If entered 1 the cell-values will be normalized. If hftype is 0 (actual heights) the bias==value can be used to add or subtract a value from heights. Use scale==value to scale your heights by value. The GRASS program r.out.pov can be used to create height- field files for Persistence of Vision (POV) raytracer. POV can use a height-field defined in Targa (.TGA) image file format where the RGB pixel values are 24 bits (3 bytes). A 16 bit unsigned integer height-field value is assigned as follows: RED = high byte, GREEN = low byte, BLUE = empty.

EXAMPLE
An example Povray script file may look like this:

#include "shapes.inc"
#include "colors.inc"
#include "textures.inc"
#declare Scale = 7;
light_source { <40000, Scale*3000, 5000> color MainLight }
camera {
   location < 23000, Scale*2000, 0>
   angle  90
   look_at < 23000, Scale*1400, 5000>
}
height_field  {
   tga "dem.lr.tga"
   smooth
   water_level 0.11  // 726 / 6553.6 = 0.111
    texture {
      pigment {
          image_map { // image is always projected from -z, with front facing  +z, top to +Y
             ppm "map.lr.ppm"
             once
          }
          rotate x*90 // align map to height_field
      }
    }
   finish {
          ambient 0.2         // Very dark shadows
          diffuse 0.8         // Whiten the whites
          phong 0.2           // shiny
          phong_size 100.0    // with tight highlights
          specular 0.5
          roughness 0.05
   }
   scale < 14500, Scale*6553.6, 13000 >
   translate <18300, 0, 1100>
}

AUTHOR
Klaus D. Meyer, GEUM.tec GbR, eMail: GEUM.tec@geum.de

SOURCE CODE

Available at: r.out.pov source code (history)

Accessed: Sunday Jun 21 00:54:10 2026

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