r.statistics(1)

NAME
r.statistics - Calculates category or object oriented statistics.

KEYWORDS
raster, statistics, zonal statistics

SYNOPSIS
r.statistics
r.statistics --help
r.statistics [-c] base=name cover=name method=string output=name [--overwrite] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]

  Flags:

-c
    Cover values extracted from the category labels of the cover map

--overwrite
    Allow output files to overwrite existing files

--help
    Print usage summary

--verbose
    Verbose module output

--quiet
    Quiet module output

--ui
    Force launching GUI dialog

  Parameters:

base=name [required]
    Name of base raster map

cover=name [required]
    Name of cover raster map

method=string [required]
    Method of object-based statistic
    Options: diversity, average, mode, median, avedev, stddev, variance, skewness, kurtosis, min, max, sum
    diversity: Diversity of values in specified objects in %%
    average: Average of values in specified objects
    mode: Mode of values in specified objects
    median: Median of values in specified objects
    avedev: Average deviation of values in specified objects
    stddev: Standard deviation of values in specified objects
    variance: Variance of values in specified objects
    skewness: Skewnes of values in specified objects
    kurtosis: Kurtosis of values in specified objects
    min: Minimum of values in specified objects
    max: Maximum of values in specified objects
    sum: Sum of values in specified objects

output=name [required]
    Resultant raster map

DESCRIPTION
r.statistics is a tool to analyse exploratory statistics of a categorical "cover layer" according to how it intersects with objects in a "base layer". A variety of standard statistical measures are possible (called "zonal statistics" in some GIS). All cells in the base layer are considered one object for the analysis. For some applications, one will first want to prepare the input data so that all areas of contiguous cell category values in the base layer are uniquely identified, which can be done with r.clump.
The available methods are the following:

    •   average deviation

    •   average

    •   diversity

    •   kurtosis

    •   maximum

    •   median

    •   minimum

    •   mode

    •   skewness

    •   standard deviation

    •   sum

    •   variance
The calculations will be performed on each area of data of the cover layers which fall within each unique value, or category, of the base layer.

Setting the -c flag the category labels of the covering raster layer will be used. This is nice to avoid the GRASS limitation to integer in raster maps because using category values floating point numbers can be stored.

All calculations create an output layer. The output layer is a reclassified version of the base layer with identical category values, but modified category labels - the results of the calculations are stored in the category labels of the output layer.

NOTES
For floating-point cover map support, see the alternative r.stats.zonal. For quantile calculations with support for floating-point cover maps, see the alternative r.stats.quantile.

EXAMPLES
Calculation of average elevation of each field in the Spearfish region:

r.statistics base=fields cover=elevation.dem out=elevstats method=average
r.category elevstats
r.mapcalc "fieldelev = @elevstats"
r.univar fieldelev

SEE ALSO
r.category, r.clump, r.mode, r.mapcalc, r.neighbors, r.stats.quantile, r.stats.zonal, r.univar

AUTHOR
Martin Schroeder, Geographisches Institut Heidelberg, Germany

SOURCE CODE

Available at: r.statistics source code (history)

Accessed: Sunday Jun 21 00:54:19 2026

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