LS(1)

NAME
ls - List directory contents. Ignore files and directories starting with a '.' by default

SYNOPSIS
ls [--help] [--format] [-C ] [-l|--long] [-x ] [-T|--tabsize] [-m ] [--zero] [-D|--dired] [--hyperlink] [-1 ] [-o ] [-g ] [-n|--numeric-uid-gid] [--quoting-style] [-N|--literal] [-b|--escape] [-Q|--quote-name] [-q|--hide-control-chars] [--show-control-chars] [--time] [-c ] [-u ] [--hide] [-I|--ignore] [-B|--ignore-backups] [--sort] [-S ] [-t ] [-v ] [-X ] [-U ] [-L|--dereference] [--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir] [-H|--dereference-command-line] [-G|--no-group] [--author] [-a|--all] [-A|--almost-all] [-f ] [-d|--directory] [-h|--human-readable] [-k|--kibibytes] [--si] [--block-size] [-i|--inode] [-r|--reverse] [-R|--recursive] [-w|--width] [-s|--size] [--color] [--indicator-style] [-F|--classify] [--file-type] [-p ] [--time-style] [--full-time] [-Z|--context] [--group-directories-first] [-V|--version] [paths]

DESCRIPTION
List directory contents. Ignore files and directories starting with a '.' by default

OPTIONS

--help
    Print help information.

--format
    Set the display format.

-C  Display the files in columns.

-l, --long
    Display detailed information.

-x  List entries in rows instead of in columns.

-T, --tabsize <COLS>
    Assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

-m  List entries separated by commas.

--zero
    List entries separated by ASCII NUL characters.

-D, --dired
    generate output designed for Emacs' dired (Directory Editor) mode

--hyperlink[=<WHEN>] [default: never]
    hyperlink file names WHEN Possible values:

    •   always

    •   auto

    •   never

-1  List one file per line.

-o  Long format without group information. Identical to --format=long with --no-group.

-g  Long format without owner information.

-n, --numeric-uid-gid
    -l with numeric UIDs and GIDs.

--quoting-style
    Set quoting style. Possible values:

    •   literal

    •   locale

    •   shell

    •   shell-escape

    •   shell-always

    •   shell-escape-always

    •   clocale

    •   c

    •   escape

-N, --literal
    Use literal quoting style. Equivalent to `--quoting-style=literal`

-b, --escape
    Use escape quoting style. Equivalent to `--quoting-style=escape`

-Q, --quote-name
    Use C quoting style. Equivalent to `--quoting-style=c`

-q, --hide-control-chars
    Replace control characters with '?' if they are not escaped.

--show-control-chars
    Show control characters 'as is' if they are not escaped.

--time=<field>
    Show time in `<field>`: access time (-u): atime, access, use; change time (-t): ctime, status. modification time: mtime, modification. birth time: birth, creation;

-c  If the long listing format (e.g., -l, -o) is being used, print the status change time (the 'ctime' in the inode) instead of the modification time. When explicitly sorting by time (--sort=time or -t) or when not using a long listing format, sort according to the status change time.

-u  If the long listing format (e.g., -l, -o) is being used, print the status access time instead of the modification time. When explicitly sorting by time (--sort=time or -t) or when not using a long listing format, sort according to the access time.

--hide <PATTERN>
    do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A)

-I, --ignore <PATTERN>
    do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

-B, --ignore-backups
    Ignore entries which end with ~.

--sort=<field>
    Sort by `<field>`: name, none (-U), time (-t), size (-S), extension (-X) or width Possible values:

    •   name

    •   none

    •   time

    •   size

    •   version

    •   extension

    •   width

-S  Sort by file size, largest first.

-t  Sort by modification time (the 'mtime' in the inode), newest first.

-v  Natural sort of (version) numbers in the filenames.

-X  Sort alphabetically by entry extension.

-U  Do not sort; list the files in whatever order they are stored in the directory. This is especially useful when listing very large directories, since not doing any sorting can be noticeably faster.

-L, --dereference
    When showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than the link itself.

--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
    Do not follow symlinks except when they link to directories and are given as command line arguments.

-H, --dereference-command-line
    Do not follow symlinks except when given as command line arguments.

-G, --no-group
    Do not show group in long format.

--author
    Show author in long format. On the supported platforms, the author always matches the file owner.

-a, --all
    Do not ignore hidden files (files with names that start with '.').

-A, --almost-all
    In a directory, do not ignore all file names that start with '.', only ignore '.' and '..'.

-f  List all files in directory order, unsorted. Equivalent to -aU. Disables --color unless explicitly specified.

-d, --directory
    Only list the names of directories, rather than listing directory contents. This will not follow symbolic links unless one of `--dereference-command-line (-H)`, `--dereference (-L)`, or `--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir` is specified.

-h, --human-readable
    Print human readable file sizes (e.g. 1K 234M 56G).

-k, --kibibytes
    default to 1024-byte blocks for file system usage; used only with -s and per directory totals

--si
    Print human readable file sizes using powers of 1000 instead of 1024.

--block-size=<BLOCK_SIZE>
    scale sizes by BLOCK_SIZE when printing them

-i, --inode
    print the index number of each file

-r, --reverse
    Reverse whatever the sorting method is e.g., list files in reverse alphabetical order, youngest first, smallest first, or whatever.

-R, --recursive
    List the contents of all directories recursively.

-w, --width <COLS>
    Assume that the terminal is COLS columns wide.

-s, --size
    print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

--color
    Color output based on file type. Possible values:

    •   always

    •   auto

    •   never

--indicator-style
    Append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F) Possible values:

    •   none

    •   slash

    •   file-type

    •   classify

-F, --classify[=<when>]
    Append a character to each file name indicating the file type. Also, for regular files that are executable, append '*'. The file type indicators are '/' for directories, '@' for symbolic links, '|' for FIFOs, '=' for sockets, '>' for doors, and nothing for regular files. when may be omitted, or one of:
        none - Do not classify. This is the default.
        auto - Only classify if standard output is a terminal.
        always - Always classify. Specifying --classify and no when is equivalent to --classify=always. This will not follow symbolic links listed on the command line unless the --dereference-command-line (-H), --dereference (-L), or --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir options are specified. Possible values:

    •   always

    •   auto

    •   never

--file-type
    Same as --classify, but do not append '*'

-p  Append / indicator to directories.

--time-style <TIME_STYLE>
    time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below

--full-time
    like -l --time-style=full-iso

-Z, --context
    print any security context of each file

--group-directories-first
    group directories before files; can be augmented with a --sort option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping

-V, --version
    Print version

EXTRA
## Examples List files one per line: ls -1 List all files, including hidden files: ls {{[-a|--all]}} List files with a trailing symbol to indicate file type (directory/, symbolic_link@, executable*, ...): ls {{[-F|--classify]}} List all files in [l]ong format (permissions, ownership, size, and modification date): ls {{[-la|-l --all]}} List files in [l]ong format with size displayed using human-readable units (KiB, MiB, GiB): ls {{[-lh|-l --human-readable]}} List files in [l]ong format, sorted by [S]ize (descending) recursively: ls {{[-lSR|-lS --recursive]}} List files in [l]ong format, sorted by [t]ime the file was modified and in reverse order (oldest first): ls {{[-ltr|-lt --reverse]}} Only list directories: ls {{[-d|--directory]}} */ > The examples are provided by the [tldr-pages project](https://tldr.sh) under the [CC BY 4.0 License](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr/blob/main/LICENSE.md). > > Please note that, as uutils is a work in progress, some examples might fail.

VERSION
v(uutils coreutils) 0.9.0